Division and Hierarchy: An Overview of Caste in Gujarat! The two considered themselves different and separateof course, within the Kanbi foldwhere they happened to live together in the villages in the merger zone between north and central Gujarat and in towns. Meghwals are known for their contribution to embroidery and the textile industry. All for free. Whatever the internal organization of a second-order division, the relationship between most of the Brahman second-order divisions was marked by great emphasis on being different and separate than on being higher and lower. 4 GUJARAT 4273 SHODA . I know some ekdas, and tads composed of only 150 to 200 households. The surname is probably derived from the word Hathi, which means elephant. Name of Caste Communities State Wise list no; 1: Agri: 1: 2: Ahir, Ayar-Boricha: 2: 3: Bafan (Muslim) 3: 4: Barot, Vahivancha . Bhagat is a term used in the Indian subcontinent to describe religious personalities who have obtain high acclaim in their community for their services and devoutness. This list may not reflect recent changes. Kumbhar (Prajapati, Varia), Prajapati (uijar prajapati, Varia Prajapati, Sorthia Prajapati), Sorathiya Prajapati. Unfortunately, such figures are not available for the last fifty years or so. Typically, a village consists of the sections of various castes, ranging from those with just one household to those with over u hundred. For example, just as there were Modh Vanias, there were Modh Brahmans, and similarly Khadayata Vanias and Khadayata Brahmans, Shrimali Vanias and Shrimali Brahmans, Nagar Vanias and Nagar Brahmans, and so on. Madhurima takes a keen interest in parenting and lifestyle. In Punjab, especially in the cities like Amritsar, Jalandhar and Ludhiana a good number of them is engaged as workers in factories producing sports, hosiery, surgical and metal goods. If this rule was violated, i.e., if he married a girl with whom the Vanias did not have commensal relations, the maximum punishment, namely, excommunication, was imposed. The spelling variants are Shastri and Sastri. I have done field work in two contiguous parts of Gujarat: central Gujarat (Kheda district and parts of Ahmedabad and Baroda districts) and eastern Gujarat (Panchmahals district). Thus, finding any boundary between Rajputs and Kolis in the horizontal context was impossible, although there were sharp boundaries between the two in the narrow local context. x[? -E$nvU 4V6_}\]}/yOu__}ww7oz[_z~?=|nNT=|qq{\//]/Ft>_tV}gjjn#TfOus_?~>/GbKc.>^\eu{[GE_>'x?M5i16|B;=}-)$G&w5uvb~o:3r3v GL3or}|Y~?3s_hO?qWWpn|1>9WS3^:wTU3bN{tz;T_}so/R95iLc_6Oo_'W7y; Inclusion of a lower-order division in a higher-order one and distinction between various divisions in a certain order was not as unambiguous. The surname Patlikh evolved into Patel to denote a village chief or the headman of a village. Although my knowledge is fragmentary, I thought it was worthwhile to put together the bits and pieces for the region as a whole. This was dramatized at huge feasts called chorasi (literally, eighty-four) when Brahmans belonging to all the traditional 84 second-order divisions sat together to eat food cooked at the same kitchen. The exact meaning of the surname is unknown. 01051 kerala 01 ganak 01052 kerala 01 gounder kongu vellala 01053 kerala 01 gounder menon 01054 kerala 01 gounder padaiyachi 01055 In the case of some of them the small population was so dispersed that a division such as that of barbers, blacksmiths, or carpenters, would be represented by only one or two households in each village and by a significant number of households in towns. Broadly speaking, therefore, a Bhagat is a holy person or a member of a community whose objectives involve leading humanity towards God and highlighting injustices in the world. These last names are rooted in ethnic, topographic, and occupational backgrounds. But many Rajput men of Radhvanaj got wives from people in distant villages who were recognized there as Kolisthose Kolis who had more land and power than the generality of Kolis had tried to acquire some of the traditional Rajput symbols in dress manners and customs and had been claiming to be Rajputs. The Rajputs, in association with the Kolis, were probably the only horizontal unit which had continuous internal hierarchy, i.e., hypergamy unbroken by any endogamous subdivisions, and which did not have discernible boundaries at the lowest level. Gandhi refers to someone who is a seller of fragrances, that is a perfume seller. Near about 146 caste which belongs to SEBC that is highest in Gujrat. , , ( S.T ), Sathwara, Satawara, Sathwara-Kadiya, Satwar-Kadiya, Dalwadi and Kadiya, , , -, =, , Mali, Fulmali, Marathi Mali, Kachh Mali, Jire Mali, Bagban, Ravin, , , , , , , . Literally, then, the words Meghwal and Meghwar connote a people who belong to Megh lineage. Surnames have always been important markers for caste, but in a globalizing urban environment, it has become perhaps the most prominent marker of caste identity and therefore carrier of discrimination. Over nine years, she has helped various brands with compelling, well-researched, and unique content. The census reports provide such figures until 1931, but it is well known that these pose many problems for sociological analysis, most of which arise out of the nature of castes as horizontal units. Breastfeeding Classes During Pregnancy Top Benefits and Importance, Cycling During Pregnancy Benefits, Risks, and Precautions, 6 Different Types of Delivery Methods You Must Know. These divisions have, however, been kept out of the present analysis for reasons which have become well known to students of Hindu society since the 1950s. PDF CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF GUJARAT David F. Pocock's classic sociological survey Kanbi And Patidar: A Study Of The Patidar Community Of Gujarat, opens with the lines: "Patidar is the name of a large and influential caste which . Similar sounding surnames: Bagot, Bhagwat, Bhakta, Bhagat, Bisht. As for the size of other castes, I shall make mainly relative statements. Sign up for free and get a reading plan and resources thats personalised for your exact parenting stage. Gujrat has a rich cultural heritage. Rabari, Bhopa, KodiatarSorathiya Rabari, Champya. Bhagat is also a Hindu, Buddhist and Jain surname, which is most prevalent in the northern states of India. Bhagat is a term used in the Indian subcontinent to describe religious personalities who have obtain high acclaim in their community for their services and devoutness. These sub-groups being more conscious about their previous identities maintain their old customs and traditions. They are known by various names such as Ganeshia, Rikhia, and Risha. The fact that Mahatma Gandhi came from a small third-order division in the Modh Vania division in a town in Saurashtra does not seem to be an accident. The number of tads in an ekda or go I might be two or more, and each of them might be an endogamous units. This stratum among the Kanbis coped with the problem mainly by practising remarriage of widows and divorced women. Certain sub-castes and people belonging to an area have the same surname. As regards the specific case of the Rajput-Koli relationship, my impression is that, after the suppression of female infanticide in the first half of the 19th century, the later prohibition of polygyny, and the recent removal of princely states and feudal land tenures among the Rajputs on the one hand, and the increasing sanskritization as well as Rajputization among the Kolis on the other, marriage ties between these divisions have become more extensive than before. List of O.B.C. Communities meant for Central Government reservation There are 350+ Castes living in Gujarat state. Usually, a single Koli division had different local names in different parts of Gujarat, but more about this later. Similarly, the Vanias were divided into such divisions as Disawal, Kapol, Khadayata, Lad, Modh, Nagar, Nima, Porwad, Shirmali, Vayada, and Zarola. For example, among the Khadayata Vanias there are all-Khadayata associations as well as associations for the various ekdas and sometimes even for their tads (see Shah, Ragini 1978). Breaking down their involvement in state . , -, -, -, -, Labana, Mheravat, Goti, Hadkashi, Zod Dhinga, Pelya, Shatbe,Baman, , , , , , , , , Machhi (Hindu)Kharwa, Khalas, Dhimar, Dhivar, Mitna Tandel, Mangela, Khalasi, Sarang, Kahar, () , , , , , , , , , Majothi Kumbar, Majothi, Kumbar, Darban or Darban Majothi(all Muslim), , , ( ), Matwa or Matwa-Kureshi (muslim), Gavli (Hindu), - (), (), Mochi, Jansali, Siyania, Myanagar, Jingar, Dasania, Chamadia, Bharatbhara, Chandia, Sonari, Aari Bharatbhara, (except Dang district and Umargam taluka of Valsad district, , , , , , , , , , , , ( , Pinjara, Ganchi-Pinjara, Mansuri-Pinjara (all Muslim), , -, - ( ). The surname is likely composed of the Gujarati words sara meaning good and bhai referring to a brother, man, or any other person of significance. As The Times of India representative in Gandhinagar, Gujarat's capital, Rajiv covered . There is a patterned widening of the connubial field along an area chalked out historically. They were found in almost every village in plains Gujarat and in many villages in Saurashtra and Kachchh. There was a continuous process of formation and disintegration of such units. No sooner had the village studies begun that their limitations and the need for studying caste in its horizontal dimension were realized. The unit might possess some other corporate characteristics also. Sometimes a division could even be a self-contained endogamous unit. The highland Bhils seem to have provided brides to lower Rajputs on the other side of the highlands also, i.e., to those in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh (see, for example, Doshi, 1971: 7f., 13-15; Aurora 1972: 16, 32f.). That the role of the two principles could vary at different levels within a first-order division has also been seen. Gupta is a common Gujarati surname that derives its name from Gupt, a Sanskrit word meaning, protected or secret. Our site uses cookies to make your experience on this site even better. It is important to note that the more literate and learned Brahmans lived in towns, more particularly in capital and pilgrim towns, which were, indeed, the centres of higher Hindu culture and civilization. No one knows when and how they came into existence and what they meant socially. Yes. We shall return to this issue later. Thus, at one end, there were first-order divisions, each of which was sub-divided up to the fourth-order, and at the other end there were first-order divisions which were not further divided at all. [8], However, it is theorized that at the time of Muslim invasion of India, many people of high castes including Rajputs, Charans, Brahmins, and Jats joined or were recruited in the Bhambhi caste. The surname is a toponymic one and refers to those who originally belonged to the Amroli region of Surat in Gujarat. The Brahmans and Vanias seem to have had the largest number of divisions as mentioned earlier, about eighty in the former and about forty in the latter. Since the beginning of the modern reform movement to encourage inter-caste marriages-most of which are in fact inter-tad or inter-ekda marriagesthe old process of fission into ekdas and tads has come to a halt, and it is, therefore, difficult to understand this process without making a systematic historical enquiry. The above brief analysis of change in caste in modern Gujarat has, I hope, indicated that an overall view of changes in caste in modern India should include a careful study of changes in rural as well as in urban areas in relation to their past. Sometimes castes are described as becoming ethnic groups in modern India, particularly in urban India. PDF Castes and Subcastes List in Gujarat - Matchfinder While we do get evidence of fission of caste divisions of a higher order into two or more divisions of a lower order, the mere existence of divisions of a lower order should not be taken as evidence of fission in a division of a higher order. The Bhavsars claim to be of Kshatriya descent. Broach, Cambay and Surat were the largest, but there were also a number of smaller ones. While certain first-order divisions were found mainly in towns, the population of certain other first-order divisions was dispersed in villages as well as in towns, the population of the rural and the urban sections differing from one division to another. The following two tabs change content below. , , , , ( S.T ), Kumbhar, (biyar Kadra Petel, Lathiya, Potmaker, Prajapati Variya Varia) Sortathiya Kumbhar, Kadia Kumbhar, Sorthaiya Prajapati, Gurjar Prajapati, Vataliya Prajapati, GurjarPrajapati, Vatalia Kshatriya Kadia Kshatrya Kadia, , ( , , , ) , , , , , , , Karadiya-Nadoda, Karadia, Nadoda, Bhathi Rajput, Karadiya Rajput, nadoda Rajput, , , , , , , Mistri, Guitar Mistri Rathod Mistri Suthar Sutha, Sutar, Suthar Gurjar GuiiarSutha, Gurjar, Misrtri sutar, Luhar Panchal, Kodiya Sutahr, , , , , , SAthvara Satrvara, Kadiya -Sathwara, Kadiya SAtvara, Dalwadi, , -, , , Kathi Rajgor and Ahir Gorie Parajiya Rajgor, Baw Atit Bawa Goswami Vairagi Bawa Gosai Ramanandi Puri Bhart Kapdi Nath Bawa Bharathari Margi Gangaialia Dashnami Bawa Giri Dasham goswami, , Bharwad, Motabhai Bharwad Nanabhai Bharwad GadariaDhanagar, , , Bhoi Bhoiraj Dhimar Zinga-Bhoi Kevat Bhoi Bhanara Bhoi Machhindra Bhoi Palewar Bhoikirat Bhoi Paredeshi Bhoi Srimali Bhoi, - , Charan Gadhvi, Charan (where they are not STS), Ghanch (Muslim), Teli, Modh Ghanchi, Teli Sahu, Teli Rathod, Teli Rathor, (), , , , , , Julaya Garana Taria, Tari and Ansari (all muslim), , ( ), Kristi Gujarati-Christian, (converts from S.C only), -, ( S.C ), Kolidaria Koli Kharwa- Koli Baria-Koli Dhebaria-Koli, - - - , Lanana Mheravat Goti Hadkashi Zod Dhinga Pelya Shatbe Baman, , Machhi (Hindu) Kharwa Khalas Dhimar Dhivar Bitna Tande lMangela Khalasi Sarang Kahar, () , Matwa or Matwa-Kureshi (Muslim)Gavli (Hindu), - () (), Jansali Sivania Myanagar Jingar Dasania Chamadia Bharatbhara Chandila Sonari Aari Bharatbhara Mochi (Except in Dnag Dist &Umargam Taluka of Valsad Disrtict where they are in SC list. It is an occupational surname that referred to someone who worked as a supervisor or a proprietor. Property. If you wish to know more about it, delve into this list as we share a list of Gujarati last names with meanings. Over nine year more. Chaudhari or Hindu Aniana, Desai, Aanjana Kanbi, Chaudhari Patel, Chaudhari Patel, Chaudhari Patidar (whre the are not S.T. A large number of priestly, artisan and service castes also lived in both villages and towns: Bramhans, barbers, carpenters, blacksmiths, shoemakers, leather-workers, scavenges, water-carriers, palanquin-bearers, and so on. (, ), ( , , ), . We have analyzed the internal structure of two first-order divisions, Rajput and Anavil, which did not have any second-order divisions, and of several second-order divisionsTalapada and Pardeshi Koli, Khedawal Brahman, and Leva Kanbiwhich did not have any third-order divisions. Shroff is derived from seraf, a Gujarati word that means banker, cashier, or a money-lender. Salat (excluding Sompura Salat) Salat Ghera, Sipai, patni Jamat or Turk Jamat(all Muslim), , ( ), Thakarda, Thakore, Patanwadia, Dharala, Baraiya, Bariya, Pagi,Palanwadia, , , , , , , , , Vahivancha Charan-Gadhavi of Hariian Vankar and Chamar, Valand Nayi and Barbar (Hindu) Haiam (Hindu and Muslim) Khalipha (Muslim), Vale (Hindu), () ( ) (), (), Vansfoda, Vansfodia oir Vanza, Vanza (Originally belongs to Saurashtra), , ( ), Vamzara, Shinagwala (Hindu) Kangasiwala (Hindu) and Vanzara (Muslim) of Dang district only. These linkages played an important role in the traditional social structure as well as in the processes of change in modern India. These and many other artisans, craftsmen and servants reflected the special life-style of the town. 7. We will reply as soon as possible. Any one small caste may look insignificant in itself but all small castes put together become a large social block and a significant social phenomenon. Today, there are two kinds of Koli areas. Asking different questions and using different methods are necessary. For example, in a Rajput kingdom the families of the Rajput king and his nobles resided in the capital town, while the Rajput landlords and cultivators resided in villages. Gujarati Surnames - India child names They married their daughters into higher Rajput lineages in the local area who in turn married their daughters into still higher nearly royal rajput lineages in Saurashtra and Kachchh. What I am trying to point out, however, is that greater emphasis on division (Pococks difference, Dumonts separation. Third, although two or more new endogamous units came into existence and marriage between them was forbidden thereafter, a number of pre-existing kinship and affinal relationships continued to be operative between them. Village studies, as far as caste is a part of them, have been, there fore, concerned with the interrelations between sections of various castes in the local context. Their traditional occupations were dyeing and calico printing. The most important example of primarily political caste association is the Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha. Some ekdas did come into existence in almost the same way as did the tads, that is to say, by a process of fission of one ekda into two or more ekdas. 3 0 obj Plagiarism Prevention 4. We shall return to the Rajput-Koli relationship when we consider the Kolis in detail. Waghari, Dataniya Waghari, Veduwaghari, Talpada Waghari, Gamachiya Waghari,Godadia Waghari, Chibhadia Waghari, Mardada or Marwada Waghari ,Devipuiak, , , , , , , . Almost all the main Gujarat communities, such as the Memon, Chhipa, Ghanchi, Khoja, Bohra and Sunni Bohra have caste associations, known as jamats. Subaltern studies changed how resistance struggles are understood state stateid caste subcaste castecode kerala 01 ezhava varrer 01047 kerala 01 ezhava vathi 01048 kerala 01 ezhava 01049 kerala 01 ezhuthachan 01050 kerala 01 g.s.b. Leva Kanbis, numbering 400,000 to 500,000 m 1931, were the traditional agricultural caste of central Gujarat. Far too many studies of changes in caste in modern India start with a general model of caste in traditional India which is in fact a model of caste in traditional rural India. Their work is distinguished by their primary use of red, which comes from a local pigment produced from crushed insects. Most of the business class belongs to this community due to their business sense. In the meanwhile, it is important to note that there does not seem to have been any attempt to form small endogamous units (ekdas, gols) at any level among the Rajputs unlike attempts made as we shall see, among some other hypergamous castes in Gujarat. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Gujrati surnames are based on occupation, ethnicity or where they belong from. Srinivas has called the unity of the village manifested in these interrelations the vertical unity of the village (1952: 31f. Gujarati migrations to the nearby metropolis of Bombay the first new centre of administration, industry, commerce, education, and western culture, followed the same links. The ekdas have not yet lost their identities. This was dramatized in many towns at the mahajan (guild) feasts when all the members of the guild of traders would eat together. The members of a kings caste were thus found not only in his own kingdom but in other kingdoms as well. Nor do I claim to know the whole of Gujarat. Other examples are Daruwala, Doshi, Zariwala, and Screwala. Then please ask us by writing in the comment box. That Rajputs were one of the divisions, if not the only division of the first-order, not having further divisions, has already been mentioned. Roughly, while in the plains area villages are nucleated settlements, populated by numerous castes, in the highland area villages are dispersed settlements, populated by tribes and castes of tribal origin. All associations originated in large towns, are more active in towns than in villages, and are led by prominent members in towns. To know how to differentiate between Gujrati surnames, given below is a list of surnames with the respective meanings. Similarly, the Khedawal Brahmans were divided into Baj and Bhitra, the Nagar Brahmans into Grihastha and Bhikshuk, the Anavils into Desai and Bhathela, and the Kanbis into Kanbi and Patidar. More common was an ekda or tad having its population residing either in a few neighbouring villages, or in a few neighbouring towns, or in both. Madhurima has completed her Masters in Biochemistry from North Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong. Gujrati surnames are mostly the ones who are from a business class, a small scale or industrial one. The point is that the Rajput hierarchy, with the princely families at the top, merged at the lower level imperceptibly into the vast sea of tribal and semi-tribal people like Bhils and Kolis. Our analysis of caste in towns has shown how it differed significantly from that in villages. Director, Developing Caste Welfare Block No. Top 100 Gujarati Surnames or Last Names in India, List of Gujarati Surnames or Last Names With Meanings, Top 100 Punjabi Surnames or Last Names With Meanings, 150 Most Popular Indian Last Names For Your Baby. For example, there were two ekdas, each with a large section resident in a large town and small sections resident in two or three neighbouring small towns. Frequently, each such unit had a patron deity, housed in a large shrine, with elaborate arrangements for its ownership. Who are Patels and how they have become a driving force - ThePrint 4 0 obj This is also the reason to find them in all parts of the world. Copyright 10. Dowry not only continues to be a symbol of status in the new hierarchy but is gradually replacing bride price wherever it existed, and dowry amounts are now reaching astronomical heights. Many primarily rural castes, such as Kolisthe largest castehave remained predominantly rural even today. Thus, all religions and communities have different surnames and the backgrounds can be similar or different as well. Her experience in impactful writing combined with her background in Home Sciences makes Aparna the perfect candidate for content writing in the pregnancy and parenting niche. The census operations, in particular, spread as they were over large areas, gave a great impetus to writings on what Srinivas has called the horizontal dimension of caste (1952: 31f;1966: 9,44,92,98-100,114-17). In these divisions an increasing number of marriages are taking place against the grain of traditional hierarchy, i.e., girls of traditionally higher strata marry boys of traditionally lower strata. [18][need quotation to verify], As of 1991, the population of Meghs in Punjab (India) was estimated at 105,157. [21], In the countryside of Rajasthan, many of the people of this community still reside in small hamlets of round, mud-brick huts painted on the outside with colourful geometric designs and decorated with detailed mirror inlays. The surname Gajjar represents a Gujarati sub-caste from the Suthar community. Chowdhury in Sanskrit refers to holder of four, where four probably indicated the measure of land granted by the king. Here, usually, what mattered was the first-order division, as for example Brahman, Vania, Rajput, Kanbi, carpenter, barber, leather-worker, and so on. There were Brahman and Vania divisions of the same name, the myths about both of them were covered by a single text. The hierarchy, however, was very gradual and lacked sharpness. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Amin (originally the Patidar caste in Gujarat) probably had an occupational origin referring to individuals who worked as tax collectors for the Mughal Empire. The surname thus has an occupational origin. Some of them lived before Guru Nanak, but came to have a monotheistic as opposed to a polytheistic doctrine. There was also another kind of feast, called bhandaro, where Brahmans belonging to a lesser number of divisions (say, all the few in a small town) were invited. Bhagat in Hindi and means pious as an adjective, a devotee of a deity as a noun (source: Shabdkosh online Punjabi and Hindi dictionaries). It comes from the Gujarati word sheth or seth that means master, chief, or the head. Castes which did not sit together at public feasts, let alone at meals in homes, only 15 or 20 years ago, now freely sit together even at meals in homes. The following surnames in the Shree Sorathia Prajapati community are being used and obtained through heritage for centuries: They had an internal hierarchy similar to that of the Leva Kanbis, with tax-farmers and big landlords at the top and small landowners at the bottom. What is really required for a comprehensive understanding is a comparison of traditional with modern caste in both rural and urban areas (including, to be sure, the rural-urban linkages). Thanks much Beingtheparent.com - BY Srishti Apte, Modh Bania religion, belonging to business community, Name bestowed by Mughals to Hindu Gujarati Patels for people working as tax collectors for them, People belonging to the Amroli region in Gujarat, The Community that usually works as genealogists, Title of honour bestowed by a king to a nobleman or a warrior, Occupational name for someone who produces or sells alcohol, This name originates from Dwivedi which means one who mastered two Vedas, Not certain, believed to be for the ones whose ancestors produce Ganja or cannabis, Belonging to the viallage of Kotadiya in Jamnagar district of Gujarat, One who belongs to a family of artisans or masons, He who does meditation for the entire life, Belonging to community of goldsmith, blacksmith, coppersmith, carpenter and stonemasons, Assayer of gold and silver and other precious items, One who takes care of parrots or birds in general, One who would have produced or sold rubber, One who offers hospitality to Jain pilgrims. But there was also another process. Vibrant and unique Tswana baby names represent culture, faith, and family lineage. The Hindu population of Gujarat was divided first of all into what I have called caste divisions of the first order. The two categories of castes have been deeply conscious of these differences between them and have been talking freely about them. The highest stratum among the Leva Kanbi tried to maintain its position by practising polygyny and female infanticide, among other customs and institutions, as did the highest stratum among the Rajput. Kambadia Bhagat 12011/68/93-BCC(C) dt 10/09/1993 31. The guiding ideas were samaj sudharo (social reform) and samaj seva (social service). Because Sikhism believes in one human creed (no one belongs to a higher or a lower social status or caste) and that accounts to adding Bani of various authors, a total of 36, in Guru Granth Sahib irrespective of many belonging to religions other than Sikhism.
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