Du Bois described him as an "undemocratic racist who saw blacks as a species of 'sub-men'". [281], Although Hoover is generally regarded as having had a failed presidency, he has also received praise for his actions as a humanitarian and public official. She typified the new woman of the postWorld War I era: intelligent, robust, and aware of multiple female possibilities. [251] In 1945, Hoover advised President Harry S. Truman to drop the United States' demand for the unconditional surrender of Japan because of the high projected casualties of the planned invasion of Japan, although Hoover was unaware of the Manhattan Project and the atomic bomb. "The Rhetoric of the Post-Presidency: Herbert Hoover's Campaign against the New Deal, 19341936". His grand-daughter and four of his great-grandchildren attended the dedication ceremony. [14] The Minthorn household was considered cultured and educational, and imparted a strong work ethic. [87] The following year, famed British economist John Maynard Keynes wrote in The Economic Consequences of the Peace that if Hoover's realism, "knowledge, magnanimity and disinterestedness" had found wider play in the councils of Paris, the world would have had "the Good Peace". ", "Journalists Margaret Hoover, Jackson Diehl Honored at Algemeiner Summer Benefit", Declassified: Untold Stories of American Spies, Presidential transition of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Birthplace and childhood home National Historic Site, Presidential Library, Museum, and gravesite, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Hoover&oldid=1148410367, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 6 April 2023, at 00:12. Roosevelt's platform promised repeal of the 18th Amendment. He publicly warned that Chinese workers were inefficient and racially inferior. Fausold Martin L. and George Mazuzan, eds. However, encouraged by Republican pleas and outraged by Democratic claims, Hoover entered the public fray. As a young mining engineer, Herbert Hoover's travels spanned the globe. Because automotive trade associations were the best organized, many of the positions taken by the conferences reflected their interests. For other uses, see, "President Hoover" redirects here. However, during his first year in office, the stock market crashed, signaling the onset of the Great Depression. "[85] Reflecting the gratitude of many Europeans, in July 1922, Soviet author Maxim Gorky told Hoover that "your help will enter history as a unique, gigantic achievement, worthy of the greatest glory, which will long remain in the memory of millions of Russians whom you have saved from death". Where is Herbert Hoover National Historic Site? [155] The causes of the Great Depression remain a matter of debate,[156] but Hoover viewed a lack of confidence in the financial system as the fundamental economic problem facing the nation. At the 1920 Republican National Convention, Warren G. Harding emerged as a compromise candidate after the convention became deadlocked between supporters of Johnson, Leonard Wood, and Frank Orren Lowden. During his sophomore year, to reduce his costs, Hoover co-founded the first student housing cooperative at Stanford, "Romero Hall". [253] Because of Hoover's experience with Germany at the end of World War I, in 1946 Truman selected the former president to tour Allied-occupied Germany and Rome, Italy to ascertain the food needs of the occupied nations. [212], Hoover placed a priority on disarmament, which he hoped would allow the United States to shift money from the military to domestic needs. Herbert Hoover, mining engineer, humanitarian, statesman, and 31st President of the United States, was born August 10, 1874, in a simple two-room cottage in West Branch, Iowa. [126] Along with the rest of the nation, he was surprised when Coolidge announced in August 1927 that he would not seek another term. [176] As the worldwide economy worsened, democratic governments fell; in Germany, Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler assumed power and dismantled the Weimar Republic. Hoover's chief objective was to address the growing casualty toll of traffic accidents, but the scope of the conferences grew and soon embraced motor vehicle standards, rules of the road, and urban traffic control. He became famous as his country's "food czar". The United States Navy has long stood on traditions. He was the first president to be born west of the Mississippi River, and remains the only Iowan president. He took a position with a London-based mining company working in Australia and China. [210] As president, Hoover largely made good on his pledge made prior to assuming office not to interfere in Latin America's internal affairs. Family Time Line . 5 children. In the midst of the economic crisis, Hoover was decisively defeated by Democratic nominee Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1932 presidential election. Secretary of Commerce was considered a minor Cabinet post, with limited and vaguely defined responsibilities, but Hoover decided to accept the position. [80] Determined to avoid rationing, Hoover established set days for people to avoid eating specified foods and save them for soldiers' rations: meatless Mondays, wheatless Wednesdays, and "when in doubt, eat potatoes". Besides his wife, Rev. [1] She is author of the book American Individualism: How A New Generation of Conservatives Can Save the Republican Party, published by Crown Forum in 2011. [294], Hoover was inducted into the Australian Prospectors and Miners' Hall of Fame in the category Directors and Management.[295]. [163] These actions were collectively designed to prevent a cycle of deflation and provide a fiscal stimulus. Democrats positioned the program as a kinder alternative to Hoover's alleged apathy towards the unemployed, despite Hoover's belief that such programs were the responsibility of state and local governments. [165] Hoover refused to become closely involved in the congressional debate over the tariff, and Congress produced a tariff bill that raised rates for many goods. Later, as the "Great Humanitarian," he directed food relief in more than three dozen nations. [24] He served as student manager of both the baseball and football teams, and helped organize the inaugural Big Game versus the University of California. Beginning in December 1902, the company faced mounting legal and financial issues after one of the partners admitted to having fraudulently sold stock in a mine. [24] He worked in various low-level mining jobs in the Sierra Nevada Mountains until persuading prominent mining engineer Louis Janin to hire him. The blog of the Herbert Hoover Library and Museum. Required fields are marked *. Herbert "Pete" Hoover III (1927-2010). [296][297][298] The ceremonial sword is today on display in the lobby of the Hoover tower. [6] As a young child he was often referred to by his father as "my little stick in the mud" when he repeatedly got trapped in the mud crossing the unpaved street. [44] Hoover thought of himself and his associates as "engineering doctors to sick concerns", and he earned a reputation as a "doctor of sick mines". [260] Hoover's public work helped to rehabilitate his reputation, as did his use of self-deprecating humor; he occasionally remarked that "I am the only person of distinction who's ever had a depression named after him. Abraham Lincoln American Presidents Baseball Belgium Books Camp Rapidan Christmas Christmas gifts Drought family Farm Crisis fishing food Food Relief Football gangsters Germany Girl Scouts Graduation Great Depression Happy Birthday Harry F. Guggenheim Harry Truman . Birth of Daniel Peter Hoover. On March 12, 1870, Jesse Hoover, son of Eli and Mary Davis Hoover, married Hulda Minthorn, daughter of Theodore and Mary Wasley Minthorn. [248] By the end of January, it had already sent more than two million dollars to the Finns. [293] His wife was inducted into the hall in 1990. The second solution was to gain the reputation of a humanitarian, deeply concerned with the world's troubles, such as famine in Belgium, as well as specific American problems which he had solved as food commissioner during the world war. Jesse's blacksmith had grown to be very successful, and in 1878, Jesse Hoover sold the practice to open a farm implement store on the corner of Main and Downey Streets. Allan Hoover (1938-2013). To eliminate waste, he encouraged standardization of products like automobile tires and baby bottle nipples. Tragedy struck the family when his father died in 1880 and his mother too perished a few years later in 1884. ", Britten, Thomas A. ca. Hoover was born to a Quaker family in West Branch, Iowa, but he grew up in Oregon. involvement. [125], Hoover quietly built up support for a future presidential bid throughout the 1920s, but he carefully avoided alienating Coolidge, who possibly could have run for another term in the 1928 presidential election. Peggy Ann was particularly interested to see the bears, because one White House staff member had told the children that a bear lived in the cellar of the White House. [236], Only 58 when he left office, Hoover held out hope for another term as president throughout the 1930s. In the early and mid-1920s, Hoover's radio conferences played a key role in the organization, development, and regulation of radio broadcasting. [115], Phillips Payson O'Brien argues that Hoover had a Britain problem. [107] He endorsed much of Mellon's tax reduction program, but favored a more progressive tax system and opposed the treasury secretary's efforts to eliminate the estate tax. Private donations and government grants supplied the majority of its $11-million-a-month budget, and the CRB became a veritable independent republic of relief, with its own flag, navy, factories, mills, and railroads. [113] He also established the federal government's power to inspect planes and license pilots, setting a precedent for the later Federal Aviation Administration. Title, Download the official NPS app before your next visit, The Herbert Hoover Presidential Library Association. Hoover proposed a new constitutional amendment that was vague on particulars. In November 1885, he went to live in Newberg, Oregon with his uncle John Minthorn, whose own son had died the year before. Since 2012, she has been a political contributor at CNN. [234] He did not pursue the presidential nomination at the 1944 Republican National Convention, and, at the request of Republican nominee Thomas E. Dewey, refrained from campaigning during the general election. [206] Hoover had hoped that the commission's public report would buttress his stance in favor of Prohibition, but the report criticized the enforcement of the Volstead Act and noted the growing public opposition to Prohibition. He also agreed to manage a separate mine in the Altai Mountains that, according to Hoover, "developed probably the greatest and richest single body of ore known in the world". The Hoover family celebrating Christmas in Palo Alto, California. Obituary: Herbert Hoover Gilbert. Convention delegates considered re-nominating Vice President Charles Dawes to be Hoover's running mate, but Coolidge, who hated Dawes, remarked that this would be "a personal affront" to him. Source: McLean, Hulda Hoover. Mary's brother Theodore described her as a "dark-eyed, sprightly, and lovable little sister." MacArthur, believing he was fighting a Communist revolution, chose to clear out the camp with military force. The HooverMinthorn House, where Hoover lived from 1885 to 1891, is located in Newberg, Oregon. The park is in West Branch, Iowa, less than a half-mile north of exit 254 off I-80. [108], Between 1923 and 1929, the number of families with radios grew from 300,000 to 10 million,[109] and Hoover's tenure as Secretary of Commerce heavily influenced radio use in the United States. [3][4] She received primary education at Graland Country Day School, an independent co-educational day school in Denver. [262], In 1949, New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey offered Hoover the Senate seat vacated by Robert F. Wagner. One observer described Hoover as "an orphan [who] seemed to be neglected in many ways". After she cabled back her acceptance of the proposal, Hoover briefly returned to the United States for their wedding. [222] Franklin D. Roosevelt won the presidential nomination on the fourth ballot of the 1932 Democratic National Convention, defeating the 1928 Democratic nominee, Al Smith. I suspect that family members have visited on other occasions as well. Although offered money by Congress to return home, some members of the "Bonus Army" remained. People . [114], As Commerce Secretary, Hoover hosted national conferences on street traffic collectively known as the National Conference on Street and Highway Safety. After they established effective control over the new Chinese mining company, Hoover became the operating partner in late 1901. The Democrats attacked Hoover as the cause of the Great Depression, and for being indifferent to the suffering of millions. The conferences issued a model Uniform Vehicle Code for adoption by the states and a Model Municipal Traffic Ordinance for adoption by cities. Their plan was to drastically cut back on output from British Malaya, which had the effect of tripling rubber prices. Theodore was born in 1871, Herbert in 1874, and Mary in 1876. [38] He became deeply interested in Chinese history, but gave up on learning the language to a fluent level. [36] They would remain married until Lou Henry Hoover's death in 1944. [183] In January 1932, he convinced Congress to authorize the establishment of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC), which would provide government-secured loans to financial institutions, railroads, and local governments. 3 children. Jesse and Hulda Hoover had three children. [167] Canada, France, and other nations retaliated by raising tariffs, resulting in a contraction of international trade and a worsening of the economy. Acting on behalf of President Coolidge, Hoover gave his first Armistice Day address in 1924 to the American Legion, two years before Congress officially named November 11th Armistice Day. [31][32] Hoover's show premiered on June 2, 2018, on WNET, which serves the New York metropolitan area, and is the largest PBS market in the country. [271], Hoover faced three major illnesses during the last two years of his life, including an August 1962 operation in which a growth on his large intestine was removed. [132] Hoover accepted the nomination at Stanford Stadium, telling a huge crowd that he would continue the policies of the Harding and Coolidge administrations. She lived a normal life like most people around the world. When the U.S. entered the war in 1917, President Woodrow Wilson appointed Hoover to lead the Food Administration. 3 children Allan. [141], Hoover's detractors wondered why he did not do anything to reapportion congress after the 1920 United States Census which saw an increase in urban and immigrant populations. [104] Hoover sought to foster a balance among labor, capital, and the government, and for this, he has been variously labeled a corporatist or an associationalist. When he was 11, Herbert was sent to Newberg, Oregon, to live with Hulda's brother, Dr. Henry John Minthorn, and his family Herbert attended the . [8] Along the way, Hoover studied Spanish-language literature and Mandarin Chinese. Part 1 -- The Forgotten Crisis For many Americans, 1930 was a year of struggle as the national economy sank into what became the Great Depression. [196] Hoover further alienated black leaders by nominating conservative Southern judge John J. Parker to the Supreme Court; Parker's nomination ultimately failed in the Senate due to opposition from the NAACP and organized labor. Herbert Hoover. These traditions reinforce the discipline needed to keep the crew's morale high and their mission focused. These policies were dubbed "Hooverizing" by government publicists, in spite of Hoover's continual orders that publicity should not mention him by name. [27] After working as a mine scout for a year, Hoover was hired by Bewick, Moreing & Co. ("Bewick"), a London-based company that operated gold mines in Western Australia. [232], Hoover departed from Washington in March 1933, bitter at his election loss and continuing unpopularity. [205] To make public policy recommendations regarding Prohibition, he created the Wickersham Commission. [260] During the 1948 presidential election, Hoover supported Republican nominee Thomas Dewey's unsuccessful campaign against Truman, but he remained on good terms with Truman. [169], By the end of 1930, the national unemployment rate had reached 11.9 percent, but it was not yet clear to most Americans that the economic downturn would be worse than the Depression of 192021. Herbert Clark Hoover was born on August 10, 1874. After a brief stay with one of his grandmothers in Kingsley, Iowa, Herbert lived for the next 18 months with his uncle Allen Hoover in West Branch. Your email address will not be published. This page was last edited on 26 April 2023, at 16:55. Apparently, Peggy Anns curiosity was not satisfied at the circus, because when the children and their parents returned to the White House for a week-long visit at Christmas time, the President took Peggy Ann and Peter to the Washington Zoo to see the bears. Averse to giving political speeches, Hoover largely stayed out of the fray and left the campaigning to Curtis and other Republicans. [85] He also established the European Children's Fund, which provided relief to fifteen million children across fourteen countries. Over the objection of many economists, Hoover signed the SmootHawley Tariff Act into law in June 1930. He enrolled at Stanford University when it opened in 1891, graduating as a mining engineer. [190] The act increased taxes across the board, rolling back much of the tax cut reduction program Mellon had presided over during the 1920s.
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