Walcher was killed on 14 May 1080, and the king dispatched his half-brother Odo to deal with the rebellion. Other sons were granted earldoms later: Gyrth as Earl of East Anglia in 1057 and Leofwine as Earl of Kent sometime between 1055 and 1057. Fulbert was also William the Conqueror's Great Chamberlain. Among the names inscribed at Battle Abbey, after the Battle of Hastings, Born around 1028, William was the illegitimate son of Duke Robert I of Normandy, and Herleve (also known as Arlette), daughter of a tanner in Falaise. no trace to follow. Hubert was besieged in his castle at Sainte-Suzanne by William's forces for at least two years, but he eventually made his peace with the king and was restored to favour. [2], There is no evidence of any illegitimate children born to William. William the Conqueror, conquered in the 'Norman Conquest' -- Norman here being code for French. The union of the Grays with the royal line of Tudor was by the marriage The town held out for 18 days, and after it fell to William he built a castle to secure his control. man shot, but the first to die at the Boston Massacre on March 5, 1770. thelred and Emma's two sons, Edward and Alfred, went into exile in Normandy while their mother, Emma, became Cnut's second wife. [117] William's forces were forced to lift the siege, and the king returned to Rouen. Members Harold, perhaps to secure the support of Edwin and Morcar in his bid for the throne, supported the rebels and persuaded King Edward to replace Tostig with Morcar. During the 17th and 18th centuries, some historians and lawyers saw William's reign as imposing a "Norman yoke" on the native Anglo-Saxons, an argument that continued during the 19th century with further elaborations along nationalistic lines. [48] The birth order of the sons is clear, but no source gives the relative order of birth of the daughters. Before we called him William the Conqueror, he had a much more ignoble nickname: William the Bastard. In addition to ending both invasions, the battle allowed the duke's ecclesiastical supporters to depose Archbishop Mauger. Although a mere two or three days' ride away at Abbeville, Robert did not attend William's deathbed or funeral. [138] He was taken to the priory of Saint Gervase at Rouen, where he died on 9 September 1087. Then the king returned to Normandy late in 1068. By the end of 1081, William was back on the continent, dealing with disturbances in Maine. Genealogies" and "A History of Wales" by John Davies. By 1060, following a long struggle to establish his throne, his hold on Normandy . in Harrow-on-the-Hill church records there is a John Gray baptized February The funeral, attended by the bishops and abbots of Normandy as well as his son Henry, was disturbed by the assertion of a citizen of Caen who alleged that his family had been illegally despoiled of the land on which the church was built. was too old to go to war, but he used his extensive farm and fortune to His sons also lost much of their control over Maine, which revolted in 1089 and managed to remain mostly free of Norman influence thereafter. At first, Alan of Brittany had custody of the duke, but when Alan died in either late 1039 or October 1040, Gilbert of Brionne took charge of William. at night, was able to get to the coast and over to France where he got The chronicler Orderic Vitalis states that Edwin's reason for revolting was that the proposed marriage between himself and one of William's daughters had not taken place, but another reason probably included the increasing power of fitzOsbern in Herefordshire, which affected Edwin's power within his own earldom. [72] Harold's claim to the throne was not entirely secure, as there were other claimants, perhaps including his exiled brother Tostig. Most of the lands of the New Forest are poor agricultural lands, and archaeological and geographic studies have shown that it was likely sparsely settled when it was turned into a royal forest. An Angevin attack on Maine was defeated in late 1076 or 1077, with Count Fulk le Rechin wounded in the unsuccessful attack. to that King, receiving possessions in Roufield shire of Roxburgh. . The snub may not have been deliberate: he might have . [114] Roger and Waltheof were kept in prison, where Waltheof was executed in May 1076. at Salem, Boston, Plymouth and Yarmouth and in the provinces of Connecticut support the effort with food, money and work in recruiting and organization. [9] Herleva was possibly a member of the ducal household, but did not marry Robert. The name was originally Croy. [45] Contemporary writers considered the marriage, which produced four sons and five or six daughters, to be a success. Many of the people have more than one path to William, but this is mostly just showing one (ideally the shortest path). Also, it says, "Gray, [2] William assumed power in Normandy, and shortly after the battle promulgated the Truce of God throughout his duchy, in an effort to limit warfare and violence by restricting the days of the year on which fighting was permitted. [80], Tostig Godwinson and Harald Hardrada invaded Northumbria in September 1066 and defeated the local forces under Morcar and Edwin at the Battle of Fulford near York. [113] Ralph's authority seems also to have been less than his predecessors in the earldom, and this was likely the cause of his involvement in the revolt. I know there are loads of wonderful programs to assist in the tabulation, formation and display of the largest family tree. He then proceeded to buy off the Danes. The thigh bone currently in the tomb is assumed to be the one that was reburied in 1642, but the Victorian historian, Lewis "Breteuil, Roger de, earl of Hereford", Danish king had brought a large fleet to England, Norman conquest of England Consequences, "Edward (St Edward; known as Edward the Confessor) (1003x51066)", "William I (known as William the Conqueror)", "Breteuil, Roger de, earl of Hereford (fl. An early documented person was Anchetil de Greye - a vassal of William the Conqueror of Normandy (now part of France) and who accompan. English sources claim that Ealdred, the Archbishop of York, performed the ceremony, while Norman sources state that the coronation was performed by Stigand, who was considered a non-canonical archbishop by the papacy. [12], Robert I succeeded his elder brother Richard III as duke on 6 August 1027. When he died in June, 1681, he left the largest estate Stigand and his brother, thelmr, the Bishop of Elmham, were deposed from their bishoprics. William then laid siege to Gerberoi in January 1079. The deaths of Count Geoffrey and the king in 1060 cemented the shift in the balance of power towards William. [100] The historian David Bates sees this coronation as the ceremonial papal "seal of approval" for William's conquest. by George Washington as a privateer during the Revolutionary War. told him what kind of work he could do "in language that can't be Another Tiverton Gray, Pardon Gray was active during the war also. [q] Another reason for the appointment may have been pressure from the papacy to appoint Lanfranc. It was said that Walter, William's maternal uncle, was occasionally forced to hide the young duke in the houses of peasants,[23] although this story may be an embellishment by Orderic Vitalis. This altercation was one [93] These captures secured William's rear areas and also his line of retreat to Normandy, if that was needed. There is no record of the reason from the Council, and the main evidence is from Orderic Vitalis. de Gray, equitum signifer to King William". [97] FitzOsbern and Odo found it difficult to control the native population and undertook a programme of castle building to maintain their hold on the kingdom. Medieval writers criticised William for his greed and cruelty, but his personal piety was universally praised by contemporaries. [65] William's western border was thus secured, but his border with Brittany remained insecure. Since then they have repeatedly distinguished This Edward was a farmer and active in civic affairs. While his father Robert was the Duke of Normandy, his mother was no duchess. [34] However, in 1052 the king and Geoffrey Martel made common cause against William at the same time as some Norman nobles began to contest William's increasing power. [2] Even after the younger William's death in 1100 and the succession of his youngest brother Henry as king, Normandy and England remained contested between the brothers until Robert's capture by Henry at the Battle of Tinchebray in 1106. [48], No authentic portrait of William has been found; the contemporary depictions of him on the Bayeux Tapestry and on his seals and coins are conventional representations designed to assert his authority. [60], Count Herbert II of Maine died in 1062, and William, who had betrothed his eldest son Robert to Herbert's sister Margaret, claimed the county through his son. It resulted in a work now known as the Domesday Book. [138], Disorder followed William's death; everyone who had been at his deathbed left the body at Rouen and hurried off to attend to their own affairs. [98], While at Winchester in 1070, William met with three papal legates John Minutus, Peter, and Ermenfrid of Sion who had been sent by the pope. A papal embassy arrived in England during this period, asking that William do fealty for England to the papacy, a request that he rejected. [92], William may have hoped the English would surrender following his victory, but they did not. After entrusting England to his second son, the elder William sent the younger William back to England on 7 or 8 September, bearing a letter to Lanfranc ordering the archbishop to aid the new king. William remained in Normandy while his men in England subdued the revolt. William gave generously to the church;[56] from 1035 to 1066, the Norman aristocracy founded at least twenty new monastic houses, including William's two monasteries in Caen, a remarkable expansion of religious life in the duchy. If John Tebbel is correct in his book "Turning The World Upside Down", Learn about the history of this surname and heraldry from our database and online image library. If you have any information concerning any of these people, or By 12 April 1080, William and Robert had reached an accommodation, with William once more affirming that Robert would receive Normandy when he died. Andrew Morton Carr Descendant of the right-hand general Ker of William the Conqueror. William was able to secure the departure of Sweyn and his fleet in 1070,[103] allowing him to return to the continent to deal with troubles in Maine, where the town of Le Mans had revolted in 1069. [144] In the years since the Conquest, politicians and other leaders have used William and the events of his reign to illustrate political events throughout English history. The crowning of William the Conqueror was "celebrated" by setting buildings on fire. William, Duke of Normandy, conquered England in 1066. Mary was the widow of King Louis XII of France, who had [68] Meanwhile, another contender for the throne had emerged Edward the Exile, son of Edmund Ironside and a grandson of thelred II, returned to England in 1057, and although he died shortly after his return, he brought with him his family, which included two daughters, Margaret and Christina, and a son, Edgar the theling. [100] In 1070 William also founded Battle Abbey, a new monastery at the site of the Battle of Hastings, partly as a penance for the deaths in the battle and partly as a memorial to the dead. His son, Sir Andrew Gray, joined The Vexin was a buffer state between Normandy and the lands of the French king, and Simon had been a supporter of William. Before he became a monk, Simon handed his county of the Vexin over to King Philip. [94] Both men were also named to earldoms fitzOsbern to Hereford (or Wessex) and Odo to Kent. His [2] She later married Herluin de Conteville, with whom she had two sons Odo of Bayeux and Count Robert of Mortain and a daughter whose name is unknown. described as Scotch-Irish, are doubtless the descendants of that branch The king marched through Edwin's lands and built Warwick Castle. Edgar the theling also appears to have been given lands. Gray, had become proprietors of the island of Nantasket in Boston Harbor of John included John Lord Grey of Groby who married Elizabeth Wydville, [137] William's exact motivation in ordering the survey is unclear, but it probably had several purposes, such as making a record of feudal obligations and justifying increased taxation. as Ralph also requested Danish aid. [13] Conditions in Normandy were unsettled, as noble families despoiled the Church and Alan III of Brittany waged war against the duchy, possibly in an attempt to take control. In August and September 1079 King Malcolm of Scots raided south of the River Tweed, devastating the land between the River Tees and the Tweed in a raid that lasted almost a month. Following his arrival back on the continent he married his daughter Constance to Duke Alan of Brittany, in furtherance of his policy of seeking allies against the French kings. [107][r] Philip, although thwarted in this attempt, turned his attentions to Brittany, leading to a revolt in 1075. [16][17][h] He enjoyed the support of his great-uncle, Archbishop Robert, as well as King Henry I of France, enabling him to succeed to his father's duchy. [35] William was engaged in military actions against his own nobles throughout 1053,[36] as well as with the new Archbishop of Rouen, Mauger. Museum number . [58] William was the grandson of Edward's maternal uncle, Richard II of Normandy. William I (c. 1028 - 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087.A descendant of Rollo, he was Duke of Normandy from 1035 onward. Also, the charters and documents produced for the government in Normandy differed in formulas from those produced in England. This daughter later married William, lord of, Walter had two daughters. Chillingham, England, Motto, Anchor Fast Anchor. King Harold received word of their invasion and marched north, defeating the invaders and killing Tostig and Hardrada on 25 September at the Battle of Stamford Bridge. 1. There are a few like [122] In 1082 William ordered the arrest of his half-brother Odo. All the English counties south of the River Tees and River Ribble are included, and the whole work seems to have been mostly completed by 1 August 1086, when the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that William received the results and that all the chief magnates swore the Salisbury Oath, a renewal of their oaths of allegiance. [i] The marriage nevertheless went ahead some time in the early 1050s,[43][j] possibly unsanctioned by the pope. as being worthy to be remembered for valiant services rendered, was J. [73], William of Poitiers describes a council called by Duke William, in which the writer gives an account of a great debate that took place between William's nobles and supporters over whether to risk an invasion of England. [123], Maine continued to be difficult, with a rebellion by Hubert de Beaumont-au-Maine, probably in 1084. [49] There are some written descriptions of a burly and robust appearance, with a guttural voice. The tragic fate of their daughter, Lady Jane Gray, Marcher Lords. One became a nun, and the other, Matilda, married, How illegitimacy was viewed by the church and lay society was undergoing a change during this period. A descendant of Rollo, he was Duke of Normandy from 1035 onward. Pardon was a grandson of Edward of Tiverton add very active in town government [33] Geoffrey attempted to expand his authority into the county of Maine, especially after the death of Hugh IV of Maine in 1051. Waltheof, the earl of Northumbria, although one of William's favourites, was also involved, and there were some Breton lords who were ready to rebel in support of Ralph and Roger. [66], In England, Earl Godwin died in 1053 and his sons were increasing in power: Harold succeeded to his father's earldom, and another son, Tostig, became Earl of Northumbria. Permanent Scandinavian settlement occurred before 911, when Rollo, one of the Viking leaders, and King Charles the Simple of France reached an agreement ceding the county of Rouen to Rollo. The listings describe the holding, who owned the land before the Conquest, its value, what the tax assessment was, and usually the number of peasants, ploughs, and any other resources the holding had. [154], "William I" redirects here. The tomb has been disturbed several times since 1087, the first time in 1522 when the grave was opened on orders from the papacy. Alan Bartlett Shepard Jr. (1923-1998), astronaut. From a Boston Transcript clipping in the Durfee film 804977, "Clarkes William becomes King of England. David Gray of Tiverton was captured by the British during the war and It is unclear what exactly happened at Edward's deathbed. . For the second ruler of Normandy, see. Eventually, the clergy of Rouen arranged to have the body sent to Caen, where William had desired to be buried in his foundation of the Abbaye-aux-Hommes. I have therefore made yet another attempt the produce the Descendants of William the Conqueror in text . [49], There are records of two tutors for William during the late 1030s and early 1040s, but the extent of his literary education is unclear. [77] The Norman fleet finally set sail two days later, landing in England at Pevensey Bay on 28 September. The intact body was restored to the tomb at that time, but in 1562, during the French Wars of Religion, the grave was reopened and the bones scattered and lost, with the exception of one thigh bone. According to the Norman writer William of Jumiges, William had meanwhile sent an embassy to King Harold Godwinson to remind Harold of his oath to support William's claim, although whether this embassy actually occurred is unclear. These dates would Although Orderic Vitalis describes it as starting with a quarrel between Robert and his two younger brothers, William and Henry, including a story that the quarrel was started when William and Henry threw water at Robert, it is much more likely that Robert was feeling powerless. [109] Ralph was at least part Breton and had spent most of his life prior to 1066 in Brittany, where he still had lands. Though he spoke a dialect of French and grew up in Normandy, a fiefdom loyal to the French . it is Gray. up to that time in Plymouth. Robert and Pardon who left a record for all to see. [40] Henry and Geoffrey led another invasion of Normandy in 1057 but were defeated by William at the Battle of Varaville. Robert raided into Lothian and forced Malcolm to agree to terms, building a fortification (the 'new castle') at Newcastle upon Tyne while returning to England. He marched to the River Tees, ravaging the countryside as he went. A further indignity occurred when the corpse was lowered into the tomb. His marriage in the 1050s to Matilda of Flanders provided him with a powerful ally in the neighbouring county of Flanders. W. Gray. from tree Kittredge Family Tree (Private) Birth. taken to England where he was imprisioned. [27] In early 1047 Henry and William returned to Normandy and were victorious at the Battle of Val-s-Dunes near Caen, although few details of the actual fighting are recorded. Orderic Vitalis preserves a lengthy account, complete with speeches made by many of the principals, but this is likely more of an account of how a king should die than of what actually happened. Most were constructed from earth and timber, but work had also begun on great stone towers in . Some appear to have been reluctant to take up lands in a kingdom that did not always appear pacified. Lordships. [f] One of Herleva's brothers, Walter, became a supporter and protector of William during his minority. Tostig appears to have received little local support, and further raids into Lincolnshire and near the River Humber met with no more success, so he retreated to Scotland, where he remained for a time. During his childhood and adolescence, members of the Norman aristocracy battled each other, both for control of the child duke, and for their own ends. [124], As part of his efforts to secure England, William ordered many castles, keeps, and mottes built among them the central keep of the Tower of London, the White Tower. Mrs Thomas Houghton (Born 1551) 5775 People 13 Records 25 Sources. After hurried consultations, the allegation was shown to be true, and the man was compensated. Joshua, died January 1, 1515. [146], William and his wife Matilda had at least nine children. But after he was killed in February 1071 at the Battle of Cassel, Robert became count. The exact date of William's birth is confused by contradictory statements by the Norman chroniclers. Gray instead of Grey is almost universally used in the different branches "Gray Lord Gray in Scotland, same arms as My Lord Gray of Wark and The surname Gray emerged as a notable Scottish family name in the county of Northumberland where they were recorded as a family of great antiquity seated with manor and estates in that shire. [n][79] Events after the invasion, which included the penance William performed and statements by later popes, do lend circumstantial support to the claim of papal approval. British Monarch. Their forces landed near Bristol but were defeated by Eadnoth. [6], After Cnut's death in 1035, the English throne fell to Harold Harefoot, his son by his first wife, while Harthacnut, his son by Emma, became king in Denmark. repeated in mixed company." by purchase from the Indians. most eventful periods of English history. Her execution, 1554, was soon Return to Newport County RIGenWeb Home Page. George Herbert Walker Bush (1924- ), 41st President of the US. [110], In 1075, during William's absence, Ralph de Gael, the Earl of Norfolk, and Roger de Breteuil, the Earl of Hereford, conspired to overthrow William in the "Revolt of the Earls". Although some of the newly rich Normans in England came from William's close family or from the upper Norman nobility, others were from relatively humble backgrounds. This lone relic was reburied in 1642 with a new marker, which was replaced 100 years later with a more elaborate monument. Lady Jane Gray(Queen of England for several days only) was a direct decendant. In that year he gave Rhuthun to Reginald de Grey. More serious was the retirement of Simon de Crpy, the Count of Amiens, to a monastery. These fortifications allowed Normans to retreat into safety when threatened with rebellion and allowed garrisons to be protected while they occupied the countryside. The difficulties over the succession led to a loss of authority in Normandy, with the aristocracy regaining much of the power they had lost to the elder William. as town clerk and in other capacities. [73], Harold's brother Tostig made probing attacks along the southern coast of England in May 1066, landing at the Isle of Wight using a fleet supplied by Baldwin of Flanders. This is detail between different branches of the same family Rebecca, baptized 1615, married Thomas Perry May 28, 1650. The Tiverton Grays are descended from a long line of Grays which are claimed to go back to Rollo, Viking invader and conqueror of Normandy, France. baptized November 25, 1610, buried January 20, 1621. The Grays were not restored to their rights and court favor until the The Norman sources do not dispute the fact that Harold was named as the next king, but they declare that Harold's oath and Edward's earlier promise of the throne could not be changed on Edward's deathbed. family of Stapleford were similar to the names in Edward Grays family. Edward, baptized April 15, 1623 (no further mention). of the duke of Suffolk, with Mary, daughter of Henry VII and the sister of Henry VIII. Prescott Sheldon Bush (1895-1972), US Senator. Life dates 1025-1087. Henry's about-face was probably motivated by a desire to retain dominance over Normandy, which was now threatened by William's growing mastery of his duchy. The family of Gray or Grey, says Burke in his peerages, claims descent Family legend says that he and brother [20], The anarchy in the duchy lasted until 1047,[21] and control of the young duke was one of the priorities of those contending for power. "They built castles far and wide, oppressing the unhappy people", wept the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 1066. There were apparently no Grays on the Mayflower. [145], William's reign has caused historical controversy since before his death. [2] At an ecclesiastical council held in Lillebonne in 1080, he was confirmed in his ultimate authority over the Norman church. Ralph was bottled up in Norwich Castle by the combined efforts of Odo of Bayeux, Geoffrey de Montbray, Richard fitzGilbert, and William de Warenne. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle states that it was a military campaign, but Welsh sources record it as a pilgrimage to St Davids in honour of Saint David. [61] By 1050, however, relations between the king and the earl had soured, culminating in a crisis in 1051 that led to the exile of Godwin and his family from England. VCG Wilson/Corbis via Getty Images. His illegitimate status and his youth caused some difficulties for him after he succeeded his father, as did the anarchy which plagued the first years of his rule. Although the chronicler William of Poitiers claimed that Edward's succession was due to Duke William's efforts, this is highly unlikely, as William was at that time practically powerless in his own duchy. Several unsuccessful rebellions followed, but William's hold was mostly secure on England by 1075, allowing him to spend the greater part of his reign in continental Europe. The story of her pure and beautiful Edgar remained at William's court until 1086 when he went to the. A Norman chief, whose name was Original: Mar 26, 2013. [t] When in Normandy, William acknowledged that he owed fealty to the French king, but in England no such acknowledgement was made further evidence that the various parts of William's lands were considered separate. Each shire was administered by a royal official called a sheriff, who roughly had the same status as a Norman viscount. children: Richard, baptized August 1608, buried October 9, 1613. The Bayeux Tapestry has been claimed to show Harold's death by an arrow to the eye, but that may be a later reworking of the tapestry to conform to 12th-century stories in which Harold was slain by an arrow wound to the head. Sam helped precipitate the Massacre itself. Norwich was besieged and surrendered, with the garrison allowed to go to Brittany. in and about London. The Bellme family, whose lands were quite strategically placed between their three different overlords, were able to play each of them against the other and secure virtual independence for themselves. So William had three kids we care about: William II, Henry I and Adela. Burkes Peerage says: "The family of Gray is of great antiquity Before this, William had returned to the continent, where Ralph had continued the rebellion from Brittany. Medieval chroniclers frequently referred to 11th-century events only by the season, making more precise dating impossible. Although this was William's first defeat in battle, it did little to change things. Henry attempted to dislodge William, but the siege of Thimert dragged on for two years until Henry's death. of a series of incidents that brought about the Boston Massacre later that Although English and Norman forces remained on alert throughout 1085 and into 1086, the invasion threat was ended by Cnut's death in July 1086. [49] Geoffrey Martel described him as without equal as a fighter and as a horseman. (born 860 A.D.). Because it's the olden days, people had lots of kids, but to keep things simple this family tree is going to leave out many of them on each branch because not every child matters. continue prominently represented among the titled nobility in England, from Rollo (born 860 A.D.). Early Life. [37], In February 1054 the king and the Norman rebels launched a double invasion of the duchy. in 1536. [78] William of Poitiers also relates that the duke obtained the consent of Pope Alexander II for the invasion, along with a papal banner. [135] Coinage across his domains continued to be minted in different cycles and styles.
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