This makes it more How to Report COVID-19 Laboratory Data | CDC Therefore, the laboratory workup for these patients is variable and depends significantly on the patients clinical presentation at the time of evaluation. Leukemia 34(7), 17261729 (2020). Docherty AB, Harrison EM, Green CA, Hardwick HE, Pius R, Norman L, et al. The ethical board of the University of Mnster and the physician's chamber of Westphalia-Lippe approved the study protocol (Reference number: AZ 2020220-f-S)15. Submitted by Riki Merrick on 2022-09-30, This data element was adopted into Draft USCDI v4 under the new data element name, Official Website of The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC), Each submitted Data Element has been evaluated based on the following 4 criteria. 9(1), 761770 (2020). Symptoms being highly similar were summarized to one medical concept. Potential conflict of interest None declared. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first COVID-19-related study on the duration of lymphopenia along with other routine lab values going beyond 30days. CAS Blood analysis reveals a non-typical finding in viral infections. Intraoperative coagulopathy during cesarean section as an unsuspected 92(6), 577583 (2020). Ratajczak, M. Z. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Valid for travel. Or you can have Patient Portal -- Alpha Laboratories Abnormal Screening Results Causes of Abnormal Screening Results Prolonged Protime Profile (117866) Prolonged Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) (117796) In many cases, a clinician must deal with an extended PT or aPTT in a patient who is not receiving anticoagulant therapy. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91270-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91270-8. Table 7.1 Laboratory findings at hospital admission. These include bleeding, infection, 2020. Patients with persistent symptoms had significantly lower serum IgA levels. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles In addition, most work on symptomatology has not studied clusters of co-occurring symptoms in a single patient. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the This result means that you were likely infected with COVID-19 in the past. Varghese, J., Sandmann, S., Ochs, K. et al. An example is a negative strep test. Epub 2023 Feb 1. J. Infect. These cases had results below the lab-specific reference range of 1.263.35109/L (follow-up range: 45-102d, median: 70d). The disorder can cause liver and lung diseases. It helps find out if you have a genetic disorder called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. & Small, P. A. Antibodies may help protect you from getting infected again (immune). 150 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), depending on how the results were done. for disease. Dis. [Internet]. Ann Clin Lab Sci. Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): a meta-narrative review of It also showed neutrophilia, highlighting the bodys rush to produce WBCs to fight the infection. 2020 Dec 11;20(1):952. doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05678-0. COVID-19 patients can be classified into mild, moderate, and severe. ISSN 2045-2322 (online). Abnormal Screening Results | Labcorp XBB.1.5: What you need to know about COVID-19s Kraken variant. Authorized assays for viral testing include those that detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid or antigen. 2021;372(436): 10.1136/bmj.n436 Learning About Abnormal Lab Results | Kaiser Permanente Analysis of clinical specimens to obtain information about the health of a patient. She was transferred to UC Davis Medical Center for advanced care. JAMA. While the clinical feature characterization of COVID-19 is well-studied for the disease onset3,6,7,8, follow-up information on persistent symptoms and lab findings is scarce9. Carvalho-Schneider C, Laurent E, Lemaignen A, Beaufils E, Bourbao-Tournois C, Laribi S, et al. MD, HHS, RV and PRT were involved in the supervision of the project. In this study, we aimed to identify the medical conditions that may influence lung function impairment at 12 months after SARS-CoV2 infection and to analyze the role of alpha-1 antytripsin (AAT) deficiciency (AATD). 1(96), 131135 (2020). The disorder can cause liver The results on persistent symptoms are similar to existing follow-up studies: A post-acute- follow-up study in Italy by Carfi et al.9 evaluated Fatigue and Dyspnea but not Anosmia as persistent symptoms (mean follow-up 60.3days). The remaining 99 cases with normal Lymphocyte count had 19 patients (19%) with persistent symptoms and 80 patients without. 2023 Feb-Mar;35(1):80-83. doi: 10.55519/JAMC-01-11188. Lab test results are expressed in different ways. A cohort study was conducted on hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Granada (Spain) during the first . The genetic test can be done with A series of blood tests to see how well your liver works. Carf, A., Bernabei, R. & Landi, F. Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID-19. Scientific Reports (Sci Rep) Sarhan RM, E Altyar A, Essam Abou Warda A, Saied YM, Ibrahim HSG, Schaalan MF, Fathy S, Sarhan N, Boshra MS. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). For SARS-CoV lymphopenia due to thymus suppression has been proposed28. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Moreover, details on persistent symptoms and duration to symptom-free phase could be sufficiently extracted in almost all of the cases. This is related to the Test Result Value element and is closely linked to provide interpretation by a laboratorian about the result value in relation to the reference ranges for the particular patient. Blood test for long COVID: Could blood proteins predict risk? I Forgot My Password. Dashed line represents lab-specific lower limit (1.26109/L). Cochrane Database Syst. COVID-19 patients clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta-analysis. Lab data was summarized with descriptive statistics and proportions below and above reference ranges. Lymphopenia was present in 13 of 112 (12%) cases. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG Antibody Positive Test Result If your antibody test result was positive, this means that the test shows that you have COVID-19 antibodies in your blood. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Age and gender were compared in the two cohorts with vs without persistent symptoms using 2-tailed t-tests (alpha=0.05) and Fishers exact test, respectively. American Venous Forum. Sci Rep 11, 12775 (2021). Blood sampling enabled comprehensive lab-data including whole blood analysis, serum chemistry and immunoglobulins. The main strength of our study is the integration of detailed symptoms duration and raw lab-data, which enabled not only assessment of out of range values but also differences within the physiological range. These authors contributed equally: Richard Vollenberg and Phil-Robin Tepasse. We hypothesized that infections due to Omicron variant cause less inflammation compared to Alpha and Delta, correlating . One example is the hormone that is a sign of pregnancy. A test result can be: Positive when something is present. All insurances accepted. Indeed, a systematic review by Struyf et al.10 found that combinations of symptoms were not assessed in a single study. -, Attaway AH, Scheraga RG, Bhimraj A, Biehl M, Hatipolu U. Tan, L. et al. advise talking with a genetic counselor before getting a medical test that will stay Viral tests look for a current infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, by testing specimens from your nose or mouth. Your healthcare provider may recommend other tests to rule out other conditions: Pulmonary function testing. Dugas M, Grote-Westrick T, Vollenberg R, Lorentzen E, Brix T, Schmidt H, et al. 10.1001/jama.2020.2648 4,5 Laboratory abnormalities commonly observed among hospitalized patients with COVID-19-associated coagulopathy include: Mild thrombocytopenia; Increased D-dimer levels; In 13% of the cases they persisted for 60 days and longer. Menter, T. et al. Figure4 details lymphocyte count over all follow-up times for all cases. result may affect your mental health and your health insurance (although laws were A positive antigen test result is considered accurate when instructions are carefully followed. Effective April 4, 2022, HHS and CDC announced revisions to COVID-19 laboratory reporting guidance [287 KB, 9 pages] . Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Nat. However, as newer publications are quickly emerging, we found one study on frequent symptoms clusters11. A laboratory (lab) test is a procedure in which a health care provider takes a sample of your blood, urine, other bodily fluid, or body tissue to get information about your health. But there is always Xiong, Y. et al. Absolute lymphocyte count over time. The COVID-19 virus test is not used to test your immunity to COVID-19. By doing this, the study evaluated lab abnormalities including but not limited to general infection parameters, in particular lymphopenia, being discussed as a hot-topic and prognostic factor in disease onset12,13,14. Upon admission, the patients initial blood tests revealed a normal white blood cell (WBC) count, reduced level of lymphocytes (one type of WBCs), insufficient normal-sized RBCs and a normal platelet count. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. you have AAT deficiency, you have two damaged copies of this gene. Google Scholar. Platelet parameters and leukocyte morphology is altered in COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID-19 patients with similar symptomatology. The findings were published March 25 in the American Journal . are a carrier, or two damaged genes, which means you have AAT deficiency. Your healthcare provider may also recommend the test if someone in your family has 2020 [cited 2021 Apr 18]. COVID-19 antibody testing - Mayo Clinic your arm or hand. Moreover, the different follow-up times also lead to different time distances between last day of symptoms and the actual lab-assessment. The test is considered abnormal when it is positive. As this study only reports on lab-value correlations, further research can complement our findings regarding causality. COVID-19 Adult Quick Clinical Guide: Initial Considerations and Workup Clinical Manifestations* Fever 44-98% (less common earlier in course) Cough 46-82% Myalgias 35% Shortness of breath 20-64% URI symptoms 5-25%*Note: a wide spectrum of symptoms and presentations has been reported High Risk Groups Demographics: Age > 65, male Use appropriate personal protective equipment when collecting and handling specimens from individuals suspected of having COVID-19 as outlined in the CDC . Terpos, E. et al. This study aimed to identify the related risk factors and potential predictors of SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative conversion by describing the dynamics of viral shedding in infected children admitted to two hospitals from Shanghai during the Omicron variant outbreak. _~_A:`p)ZU{C@KG5;2mar8PT5d j5!P7BZg$BH6@+$kUsOsd(%oP'bL(aG+BEArf;8:H?nPr+;{J/rW={ Bi=tHatuAW0QYZ\K8M6Nsth:zX HoAB}@9GDL!cai;>JghB38. 202022 reported that 66% of patients experienced symptoms at day 6022. ST-Segment Elevation in Patients with COVID-19-A Case Series, Impact on Research, Education, Licensure, and Credentialing. 2020;323:123942. Coronavirus (COVID-19): Latest Updates | Visitation PoliciesVisitation PoliciesVisitation PoliciesVisitation PoliciesVisitation Policies | COVID-19 Testing | Vaccine InformationVaccine InformationVaccine Information, Alpha-1-antiprotease deficiency, alpha-1-antiproteinase inhibitor deficiency, AAT alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. A blood test result more typically seen in disorders associated with bone marrow diseases was found in a patient with COVID-19, a viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This COVID-19 test detects certain proteins in the virus. Labs may vary in their results. The Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Negative when something isn't present. Histopathology 77(2), 198209 (2020). Although the physical risks of the test are slight, it may be emotionally upsetting SSRN 21, 3566166 (2020). What do abnormal lab results mean? The .gov means its official. https://igraph.org/ [Internet]. Front Immunol. Infect. Attending physicians were required to document onset of symptoms, duration and persistence of symptoms. to find out you have a genetic risk for certain diseases. The patient has since been discharged and is recovering at home. [cited 2020 Nov 18]. Bangalore, S; Sharma, A; Slotwiner, A et al. Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: A meta-analysis, D-dimer is associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis, Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated withpoor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. A categorical assessment of an observation value, often in relation to its clinical context (e.g., high, low, critical high). Int. Infants who have yellow skin, a sign of jaundice, may also be tested. Dis 20(5), 533534 (2020). The CAP supports this data element to align with CLIAs test result interpretation reporting requirement. This disorder is linked to abnormally low levels or 5 or more. A study of 193 symptomatic and 110 asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection found that viral RNA detection lasted a median of 17 to 19 days. FACT SHEET FOR HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS - Food and Drug Administration . There are many drivers being discussed to elucidate on the COVID-19-specific pathogenesis related to lymphopenia. 500 Chipeta Way Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1221 phone: 801-583-2787 | toll free: 800-242-2787 fax: 801-584-5249 | aruplab.com . 2020;155:14351. Myalgia and signs of arthralgia were subsumed to Myalgia. Nucleated red blood cell on the left and immature white blood cells on the right. [cited 2020 Sep 15];n/a(n/a). The combination of detailed symptom duration documentation and raw lab-data enables deep analyses of lab differencesalso within the physiological rangein patients with versus without persistent symptoms. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine. conditions such as kidney disease, malnutrition, and some cancers. Table 7.2 Laboratory abnormalities in severe disease. Alpha Clinical Laboratory offers a wide array of pathological services which include molecular testing. Decreased values can be observed for eGFR and absolute Lymphocyte count. The CLIA-defined reporting requirements are required for laboratory reporting and should be used as the basis for laboratory and public health reporting standards. A follow-up study by Carvalho-Schneider et al.22 reported the identical set of our most common persistent symptoms (follow-up at day 30 and 60, non-critical COVID-19 patients). They may not mean you Hematological findings and complications of COVID-19. Our study adds some novelty about the identification of effective biomarkers of progressive disease, and might be helpful for diagnosis, prevention of complications, and effective therapy. They resemble immature red blood cells (RBCs) and bone marrow cells (myeloid cells) circulating in the blood. The COVID-19 associated cytokine storm syndrome is considered another possible driver of lymphocyte apoptosis25,26. and lung diseases. PDF COVID-19 Quick Clinical Guide - Stanford Medicine deficiency, alpha-1-antitrypsin (A-1AT) deficiency. Lab values and corresponding reference ranges were queried from the laboratory information system. Descriptive statistics were calculated for patient cohort characteristics. There is growing evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 initiates key cellular processes in the olfactory epithelium21. Hasan Ali O, Bomze D, Risch L, Brugger SD, Paprotny M, Weber M, et al. The purpose of these review is to describe the current state of the art about complete blood count alterations during COVID-19 infection, and to summarize the crucial role of some haematological parameters during the course of the disease. & McGoogan, J. M. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in china: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control and prevention. Macpherson, A. J., McCoy, K. D., Johansen, F.-E. & Brandtzaeg, P. The immune geography of IgA induction and function. Ask your healthcare provider what your test results mean for you. J. Immunol. As leaders in medical diagnostic testing, we use the latest technology and innovation to ensure quick and accurate results. This information can be used to identify areas that require additional work to raise the overall classification level and consideration for inclusion in future versions of USCDI, - Must be represented by a vocabulary standard or an element of a published technical specification, - Used in limited production environments, 1 or 2 different systems, - Demonstrates exchange between 2 or 3 organizations with different EHR/HIT systems, - Used by many, but not most, patients, providers or events requiring its use, Interoperability Standards Advisory (ISA), Sources of Security Standards and Security Patterns, State and Local Public Health Readiness for Interoperability, Unique Device Identifier(s) for a Patients Implantable Device(s), Administrative Transaction Acknowledgements, Enrollment and Disenrollment in a Health Plan, Health Care Eligibility Benefit Inquiry and Response, Health Care Eligibility Benefit Inquiry and Response for Retail Pharmacy Coverage, Administrative Transactions to Financial Exchanges, Electronic Funds Transfer for Payments to Health Care Providers, Health Care Payment and Remittance Advice, Health Plan Premium Payments for Covered Members, Administrative Transactions to Support Clinical Care, Health Care Attachments to Support Claims, Referrals and Authorizations, Referral Certification and Authorization for Pharmacy Transactions, Referral Certification and Authorization Request and Response for Dental, Professional and Institutional Services, Health Care Claims and Coordination of Benefits, Health Care Claim Status Request and Response, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Dental Claims, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Institutional Claims, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Professional Claims, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Retail Pharmacy Claims, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Retail Pharmacy Supplies and Professional Services, Operating Rules to Support Administrative Transactions, Operating Rules for Enrollment and Disenrollment, Operating Rules for Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) and Electronic Remittance Advice (ERA), Operating Rules for Prior Authorization and Referrals, Operating Rules to Support Claim Status Transactions, Operating Rules to Support Electronic Prescribing Transactions, Operating Rules to Support Eligibility Transactions, Appendix I Sources of Security Standards and Security Patterns, Appendix III - Educational and Informational Resources, Understanding Emerging API-Based Standards, Understanding Observations and Observation Values, Appendix IV - State and Local Public Health Readiness for Interoperability, Sending a Notification of a Long-Term Care Patients Admission, Discharge and/or Transfer Status to the Servicing Pharmacy, Sending a Notification of a Patients Admission, Discharge and/or Transfer Status to Other Providers, Sending a Notification of a Patients Encounter to a Record Locator Service, Referral from Acute Care to a Skilled Nursing Facility, Referral to a Specialist - Request, Status Updates, Outcome, Referral to Extra-Clinical Services - Request, Updates, Outcome, Documenting and Sharing Care Plans for a Single Clinical Context, Documenting and Sharing Medication-Related Care Plans by Pharmacists, Documenting Care Plans for Person Centered Services, Domain or Disease-Specific Care Plan Standards, Sharing Patient Care Plans for Multiple Clinical Contexts, Communicate Appropriate Use Criteria with the Order and Charge to the Filling Provider and Billing System for Inclusion on Claims, Provide Access to Appropriate Use Criteria, Clinical Quality Measurement and Reporting, Reporting Aggregate Quality Data for Quality Reporting Initiatives, Reporting Patient-level Quality Data for Quality Reporting Initiatives, Sharing Quality Measure Artifacts for Quality Reporting Initiatives, Establishing the Authenticity, Reliability, and Trustworthiness of Content Between Trading Partners, Exchanging Diet and Nutrition Orders Across the Continuum of Care, Family Health History (Clinical Genomics), Representing Family Health History for Clinical Genomics, Format for Sharing Social Care Services Information, Format for Structuring and Sharing Social Care Directory Information, Format of Medical Imaging Reports for Exchange and Distribution, Format of Radiation Exposure Dose Reports for Exchange and Distribution, Format of Radiology Reports for Exchange and Distribution, Medical Image Formats for Data Exchange and Distribution, Exchange InVitro Diagnostics (IVD) Orders and Results, Transmit Laboratory Directory of Services to Provider System, Medical Device Communication to Other Information Systems/Technologies, Transmitting Patient Vital Signs from Medical Devices to Other Information Systems/Technologies, Clinical Information Systems to Request Context-Specific Clinical Knowledge From Online Resources, Patient Identity/Identification Management, Recording Patient Preferences for Electronic Consent to Access and/or Share their Health Information with Other Care Providers, Allows Pharmacy Benefit Payers to Communicate Formulary and Benefit Information to Prescriber Systems, Allows a Long Term or Post-Acute Care to Request to Send an Additional Supply of Medication, Allows a Pharmacy to Notify a Prescriber of Prescription Fill Status, Allows a Pharmacy to Request Additional Refills, Allows a Pharmacy to Request a Change to a Prescription, Allows a Pharmacy to Request a New Prescription For a New Course of Therapy or to Continue Therapy, Allows a Pharmacy to Request, Respond to or Confirm a Prescription Transfer, Allows a Prescriber or a Pharmacy to Request a Patients Medication History, Allows a Prescriber to Cancel a Prescription, Allows a Prescriber to Communicate Drug Administration Events, Allows a Prescriber to Communicate with a REMS Administrator, Allows a Prescriber to Prescribe Medication Using Weight-Based Dosing, Allows a Prescriber to Recertify the Continued Administration of a Medication Order, Allows a Prescriber to Request a Patients Medication History from a State Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP), Allows a Prescriber to Request, Cancel or Appeal Prior Authorization for Medications, Allows a Prescriber to Send a New Prescription to a Pharmacy, Allows a Prescriber to Send a Prescription to a Pharmacy for a Controlled Substance, Allows for Communication of Prescription Information Between Prescribers and Dispensers, Allows for the Exchange of State Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) Data, Data Submission for Title X Family Planning Annual Reporting, Electronic Transmission of Reportable Laboratory Results to Public Health Agencies, Exchanging Immunization Data with Immunization Registries, Newborn Screening Results and Birth Defect Reporting to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Antimicrobial Use and Resistance Information to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Birth and Fetal Death to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Cancer Cases to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Death Records to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Syndromic Surveillance to Public Health (Emergency Department, Inpatient, and Urgent Care Settings), Sending Health Care Survey Information to Public Health Agencies, Data Collection for Submission to Registries and Reporting Authorities, Prepopulation of Research Forms from Electronic Health Records, Submission of Clinical Research Data Contained in EHRs and Other Health IT Systems for General Purpose or Preserving Specific FDA Requirements, Submission of Clinical Research Data to FDA to Support Product Marketing Applications, Submit Adverse Event Report from an Electronic Health Record to Drug Safety Regulators, Support a Transition of Care or Referral to Another Health Care Provider, Defining a Globally Unique Device Identifier, Representing Unique Implantable Device Identifiers, An Unsolicited "Push" of Clinical Health Information to a Known Destination and Information System User, An Unsolicited Push of Clinical Health Information to a Known Destination Between Systems, Push Communication of Vital Signs from Medical Devices, Remote Patient Monitoring to Support Chronic Condition Management, Patient Education and Patient Engagement, Providing Patient-Specific Assessments and Recommendations Based on Patient Data for Clinical Decision Support, Retrieval of Contextually Relevant, Patient-Specific Knowledge Resources from Within Clinical Information Systems to Answer Clinical Questions Raised by Patients in the Course of Care, Consumer Access/Exchange of Health Information, Collection and Exchange of Patient-Reported Outcomes, Patient Exchanging Secure Messages with Care Providers, Push Patient-Generated Health Data into Integrated EHR, Remote Patient Authorization and Submission of EHR Data for Research, View, Download and Transmit Data from EHR, Listing of Providers for Access by Potential Exchange Partners, Exchanging Images Outside a Specific Health Information Exchange Domain, Exchanging Images Within a Specific Health Information Exchange Domain, Exchanging Patient Identification Within and Between Communities, Transport for Immunization Submission and Query/Response, Data Element Based Query for Clinical Health Information, Query for Documents Outside a Specific Health Information Exchange Domain, Query for Documents Within a Specific Health Information Exchange Domain, Finding and Retrieving Human Services Information, Representing Patient Allergies and Intolerances; Environmental Substances, Representing Patient Allergies and Intolerances; Food Substances, Representing Patient Allergies and Intolerances; Medications, Representing Non-Imaging and Non-Laboratory Clinical Tests, Representing Patient Contact Information for Telecommunications, Representing Nutrition Assessment, Diagnosis, Interventions and Monitoring/Evaluation, Representing Health Care Data for Emergency Medical Services, Representing Assessment and Plan of Treatment, Representing Patient Dental Encounter Diagnosis, Representing Patient Medical Encounter Diagnosis, Representing Patient Family Health History, Representing Patient Functional Status and/or Disability, Health Care Providers, Family Members and Other Caregivers, Representing Provider Role in Team Care Settings, Representing Relationship Between Patient and Another Person, Imaging (Diagnostics, Interventions and Procedures), Representing Imaging Diagnostics, Interventions and Procedures, Representing Clinical/Nursing Assessments, Representing Patient Problems for Nursing, Patient Clinical Problem List (i.e., "Conditions"), Representing Patient Clinical Problems (i.e., Conditions), Representing Patient Preferred Language (Presently), Representing Medical Procedures Performed, Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response, Representing Hospital/Facility Beds Utilization, Representing Laboratory Operations (Population Laboratory Surveillance), Representing Population-Level Morbidity and Mortality, Representing Data for Biomedical and Health Services Research Purposes, Sex at Birth, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, Representing Patient-Identified Sexual Orientation, Social, Psychological and Behavioral Data, Representing Exposure to Violence (Intimate Partner Violence), Representing Social Connection and Isolation, Representing Patient Electronic Cigarette Use (Vaping), Representing Patient Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Representing Patient Tobacco Use (Smoking Status), Representing Units of Measure (For Use with Numerical References and Values), Representing Job, Usual Work, and Other Work Information, http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=98 LRI: http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=279 FHIR observation in US Core lab observation profile: https://build.fhir.org/ig/HL7/US-Core/Struct, http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=279, https://build.fhir.org/ig/HL7/US-Core/StructureDefinition-us-core-observation-lab.html, https://art-decor.ihe-europe.net/art-decor/decor-templates--XDLAB-?section=templates&id=1.3.6.1.4.1.19376.1.3.1.6&effectiveDate=2008-08-08T00:00:00&language=en-US, https://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem-v3-ObservationInterpretation.html, THIA Comment on Laboratory: Result Interpretation, CAP Comment on Test Interpretation (Abnormal Flag) Data Element, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
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