Sumer - History It is quite possible that both the Bible and ancient mythology are referring to real events that have taken place, expressed in a way that was relevant to the people of the time. Dennis MacDonald, professor of New Testament and Christian Origins, has conducted extensive research into both the New Testament and ancient mythology and has also found remarkable similarities between stories in the Bible and the myths and legends of ancient civilizations. Historians wondered how a people who had not created a great civilization could have invented a writing, we know today that the Hebrew alphabet comes from the Protosinaitic alphabet which itself comes from Egyptian hieroglyphs. Returning to Enki and Ninhursag, we find a possible parallel to NDE: they have gone back from the kingdom of the dead, from Heaven or Hell! Roger Sabbah, Egyptologist, archaeologist and researcher made incredible discoveries with his brother: In Tutankhamuns tomb, opened in 1923, there were inscriptions written in unusual hieroglyphics, some letters resembling the Hebrew alphabet in form, pronunciation and symbolic value. Toward the end of the Sumerian civilization, ziggurats became the preferred temple structure for Mesopotamian religious centers. [17]:86 The later Mesopotamians knew this underworld by its East Semitic name: Irkalla. Sumerian Mythology Fascinating Sumerian History A Gods and Heroes - Nov 25 2020 . In the Sumerian city-states, temple complexes originally were small, elevated one-room structures. By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. Thank you for reading! [36] In later myth, her husband was the god Nergal. Les dieux gyptiens taient nombreux et varis, cependant certains se dtachent et nous les retrouvons dans la figure jointe. (Genesis 5). Voici un savant rabin qui dit bien que la Gense vient de babylone, et alors ? To reward him, he then granted immortality to Atrahasis, but made humans less disturbing his tranquility, requiring Ea to reduce mens life time, and introducing disease, sterility, and other weaknesses to men. Later, Atrahasis settled at the mouth of the Great Rivers, in the Garden of Dilmun where Ea lived. [19][14]:184 All souls went to the same afterlife,[19] and a person's actions during life had no effect on how the person would be treated in the world to come. Temples served as cultural, religious, and political headquarters until approximately 2500 BC, with the rise of military kings known as Lu-gals ("man" + "big")[6] after which time the political and military leadership was often housed in separate "palace" complexes. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDVtMYqUAyw, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BUXOelkorPI, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2s4TqVAbfz4, https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=7&v=cy2Dg-ncWoY, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=588pfqtMtz0. This mans name is in Egyptian Mssw and reads Moses. where she finds that: The Anzu bird set his young in the branches of the tree, And the dark maid Lilith built her home in the trunk. He impregnates Professor Alexander Heidel of the Oriental Institute of Chicago has prepared a table to allow us to compare a Sumerian text that describes the creation of the world, the Enuma Elish and the Book of Genesis, the result is extremely disturbing: The Holy Spirit and cosmic matter are co-existent and co-eternal. The Book of Revelation is filled with prophetic visions of apocalyptic events. [15] The middle dome of heaven was made of saggilmut stone and was the abode of the Igigi. he is from the tribe of Israel and lived between -922 and -700. A Visual Tour (Video), Behind the Scenes of Ancient Greece: Exploring the Daily Life of its People (Video), Trove of Ancient Artifacts Discovered in Paestum Include Dolphin Statuette of Eros, TheiaGreek Goddess of Light, the Sun, the Moon, and Wisdom, Greeces East Attica In Antiquity: Playground Of Gods, Heroes And Heroines, A Face to the Legend: The Quest to Reconstruct Cleopatra's Look (Video), Aspasia - The Real-Life Helen of Troy? , Ten years later, following a revolt, the city was besieged again: the Temple of Solomon was destroyed and a large number of Jews were deported to Mesopotamia. If this is the correct explanation, then the parallels between the accounts are due to the fact that they both describe the same, actual event, although with a different level of fidelity to the actual events. Enoch, lived only 365 years before he "walked with God". Are biblical stories just retellings of ancient mythological accounts? Skeptical, non-believing scholars try to paint early Judaism as polytheistic, but there is no solid evidence for this. . Eden, 5- Author 3 was called P. because it was established in his use of words and style that he was a priest. They do mention Ra [sun deity in Ancient Egyptian Religion] and his creation of gods and people. all of it preserved and presented in this much anticipated 10th Anniversary revised and updated infinity edition of the complete Mardukite "Anunnaki Bible."Joshua Free's "Anunnaki Bible" is quite simply a masterpiece of Mesopotamian magic, spirituality and history, providing a . eight antediluvian kings of in the Sumerian King List also lived Dilmun, described in the myth of "Enki and Ninhursag". man out of the clay of the ground and blew into his nostrils the Did both accounts arise from a common real event in the distant past? Eridu Genesis - World History Encyclopedia Oui tout fait, merci Ben. Boulay Chapter 4 - Inicio Again, we see an incredible similarity with the accounts of James and John. [9] The Genesis creation account is absolutely unique among all creation stories, both in its simplicity and in its scientific accuracy. The Sumerian kings list has only eight in the list while the Bible gives 10 patriarchs before the Flood (including Noah). [17]:75 His primary consort was Ninhursag, the Sumerian goddess of the earth. fact. At the kings request, a magician separated the waters, found the jewel and returned it to its owner. The Sumerian Flood Story (also known as the Eridu Genesis, The Flood Story, Sumerian Creation Myth, Sumerian Deluge Myth) is the oldest Mesopotamian text relating the tale of the Great Flood which would appear in later works such as the Atrahasis (17th century BCE) and The Epic of Gilgamesh (c. 2150-1400 BCE).. Lahar and Ashnan or Enten and Emesh are similar in some respects [citation needed], Some stories recorded in the older parts of the Hebrew Bible bear strong similarities to the stories in Sumerian mythology. Your email address will not be published. I know the Middle East is an area we are both interested in digging and studying in. This is what I believe to be the case, but I leave it to you to decide for yourself. Achilles and Patroclus: Close Confidants or Passionate Paramours? In Mark 10:35-40, James and John are seen requesting to sit on the right and left of their Lord on the heavenly throne. For example, the biblical account of Noah and the Great Flood bears a striking resemblance to the Sumerian deluge myth, recorded in a Sumerian tablet discovered at Nippur. The cultures of the Near East were constantly repurposing the beliefs of those around them and the Greeks did the same comparing every one of the major foreign gods of other cultures to their own: Amun=Baal=Zues=Jupiter, Mercury= Odin, Artemis=Bastet, Nergal=Ninurta=Ares. God asked him to leave the land of Sumer and settle in Canaan (now Israel). So, good, honest, open-minded scholars and students of religion will look for parallels and comparisons between Judaism and Mesopotamian religion. However, the method is identical. Might the Sumerians have borrowed their account from the Jews? Both are losers. 1. I don't believe before any flood people lived many hundreds of years. According to these texts, Sargon I, the conqueror of the Sumerian cities, was abandoned baby to the waters of the Euphrates by his mother in a wicker basket sealed with bitumen. The epic of Atrahasis or Poem of Supersage was written in Akkadian Semitic language, probably dating from the 18th century BC. mesopotamia - Mythology & Folklore Stack Exchange It was also suggested that they migrated from the west coast of India. In the Sumerian version, the pious Ziusudra Come and discover the incredible similarities between these sacred texts! This particularity of Kabbalah indicates that it is closely linked to ancient astrological systems of belief, Thus, Kabbalah is very far from the Jewish religion and much more closely linked to the ancient mysterious religions of the East. There are two possibilities to explain this. Actually, I believe the author is saying that some creation stories that many attribute to the Bible are originally found in Sumerian mythology. Along the side of Yanmen Shan mountain, located twenty kilometers to the east of Nanjing, China, the legendary Yangshan quarry can be found. will enjoy the epic stories of Ancient Mesopotamia that echoed through other great works like the Bible and the Odyssey. As late as Ezekiel, there is mention of a In 597 BC, Nebuchadnezzar II took Jerusalem, thus ending the independence of the kingdom of Judah and the dynasty of David. Cuneiform is known to be one of the oldest forms of writing, where cuneiform simply means wedge-shaped. The bulk of Sumerian parallels can, however be found much earlier, If Amos, Nahum, Habakkuk, Haggai, Malachi were names of real people, why are they not found elsewhere in Biblical history? See our article : Worlds in Collision, a book that questions part of the Bible. It is understandable that exiles use the stories and cults learned from Babylonians and Egyptians to create a religion and a promised land that gives them a legal right of return to their land in Canaan. During the Third Dynasty of Ur, the Sumerian pantheon was said to include sixty times sixty (3600) deities. It is difficult to judge the motives of people I have never met. The Igigi were the servants of the Anunnaki but one day they got tired of it and went on strike! The authors of the Bible were inspired not only by the Sumerians but also by the Egyptian culture that gave them the writing! Sumerian myths were passed down through the oral tradition until the invention of writing (the earliest myth discovered so far, the Epic of Gilgamesh, is Sumerian[dubious discuss] and is written on a series of fractured clay tablets). Biblical parallels in Sumerian literature Traces of Sumerian religion survive today and are reflected in writings of the Bible. Of course, much of that evidence is found at my web site, to include prophecies in Genesis which are fulfilled in Jesus (see my book From Shadow to Reality www.ipibooks.com), historical and archaeological accuracy of Genesis (Reasons For Belief www.ipibooks.com), and so forth. The Sumerians envisioned the universe as a closed dome surrounded by a primordial saltwater sea. Sumerian Influence on the Bible: The Rise of Patriarchy - YouTube Thus if somebody said to be nine hundred years old was actually nine hundred moons old he would be near-as-damn-it seventy-five. It is blessed by Enki to have overflowing, 1,200-Year-Old Viking Ship Burial Found in Supposedly Empty Mound, Unleashing the Fury of the Khopesh: A Look at Egypts Deadliest Weapon (Video), Jewelry to Die For: 14th-Century Bulgarian Ring with a Killer Dose, The Macuahuitl: An Aztec Warriors Lethal and Sacred Weapon (Video), What Did Ancient Egypt Really Look Like? Lorsquil a commenc enseigner, un naga sous la forme dun homme est venu suivre son enseignement mais Bouddha a vu que ce ntait pas un humain et lui a expliqu que son enseignement ntait que pour les humains. Listen Top Shows Blog Discover #PoliticsAF Show!HOT ON THE TRAIL OF TRUMP GOIN' 2 FN JAIL! He too weathers the deluge aboard a huge boat. MSSW, Moses or Beya (his Canaanite name) gets Tausret, the first wife of the deceased pharaoh, to agree to see the young Siptah, son of Shotelel, ascend the throne of Egypt. Does it mean that the Gospels are not based on true accounts? We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. This idea based on the Sumerian myth known as Enki and Ninhursag (see ANET, pp. La terre ayant subi plusieurs dsastres majeurs tant un champ fertile approprie une rintroduction. He also convinced Shotelel, also a Canaanite, to accept in exchange the designation of Tausret as the great regent of the whole country. JC. In this collection, you will enjoy the epic stories of Ancient Mesopotamia that echoed through other great works like the Bible and the Odyssey. Even Kabbalah specialists recognize him as Marc Alain Ouaknin in his book Mystre de la Kabbale (p 296). The epic was almost certainly composed before 2000 BC. ), but the existence of such a people and civilization was not even suspected until the middle of the 19th century. 3- Author 1 was called J. because it is clear that he belonged to the tribe of Judah and because he speaks of Yahweh, and not of Elohim (the gods). cease as the two create several malformed humans and then the two In Genesis, Eve is fashioned from Adam's rib and her name hawwa I am copying and pasting an article on the parallels between the Gilgamesh Epic and the Genesis flood account. Copy of a Sumerian tablet, around 2500 BC. Historians have dedicated significant efforts to authenticating the biblical narratives of the Exodus. those born as deities, Inanna does as well. The passage contains explicit references to aspects of Mesopotamian civilization: the physical environment (the plain of Shinar, Gen 11:1), geography (Babylon, called babel in Gen 11:9), building techniques (using bricks and bitumen instead of stone and mortar, Gen 11:3), urbanism ("let us build ourselves a city . The final conclusion was that Israel received this "story" from the Babylonians while in captivity. Click here for a comparison of these two ancient texts. He started by creating heaven and Earth. According to Kabbalah, at the beginning of creation, things called Sephiroth, meaning circles or orbits, with both material and spiritual characteristics took shape. If one takes Abraham to be the father of the Jewish nation, as supported by the Bible, then one can assume that the Gilgamesh Epic is older than the written, Jewish version of the story which is found in the Bible, as Abraham died somewhere around 1850 BC. [43]:133135. The rest of the story tells that men served the Gods perfectly but they multiplied too quickly, made too much noise and eventually disturbed the Gods who decided to exterminate them. There are two possibilities to explain this. writings of the Bible. Reincarnation and karma in Judaism and Christianity. [17]:85 They are frequently referenced in magical texts,[17]:8586 and some texts describe them as being seven in number. Mais ces religions citaient aussi des visiteurs venus dailleurs. Murat Ozgen, a Turkish Freemason, notes this about it: It is clear that Kabbalah was developed many years before the Torah existed. Sumerian deity. [31] Deified kings may have re-enacted the marriage of Inanna and Dumuzid with priestesses. Again the Greeks themselves made these connections, why? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. 97-98). It should be noted that the word El in Hebrew has come to designate the one God, especially in the compound names IsraEL, GabriEL, EmmanuEL, etc. The Hebrew alphabet comes from the Egyptian hieroglyphs, The Egyptian wisdom on which the Bible is based, The Ten Commandments and the Law of Maat, The Egyptian origins of the Bible: the Moses who ruled Egypt, The Ten Commandments and the Law of Ma'at, similarity between Egyptian texts and the Bible, Joconde : The real secrets of Mona Lisa finally revealed, The Stargate and the Egyptian Pyramid Secret, an incredible discovery, The belief in one God in ancient Egypt, teaching of Hermes. [14]:203 The lowest dome of heaven was made of jasper and was the home of the stars. When the gods like men But if the astonishing conclusions of a Biblical researcher from Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) are correct, Beltane is an ancient Gaelic festival celebrating the beginning of summer and the renewal of life. An amazingly detailed collection of passages from the Bible and Ancient Sumerian Texts that corroborate each other. or even a goddess (I Kings 11:5) or men considered superior (Exodus 4:16, I Samuel 28:13, Zechariah 12:8). While I was a gardener, the goddess Itar fell in love with me and so I exercised royalty for fifty-six years. The story contains topics relating to kingship, the first cities, and sacrifice. [24]:108 He was also the chief god of the Sumerian pantheon[24]:108[25]:115121 and the patron deity of the city of Nippur. The second chapter of Genesis No votes so far! The account of the exodus describes one of the most incredible miracles of the Bible: the opening of the waters of the sea to let the fleeing Israelites pass through (Exodus 14:21-31). Nammu, If you are a believer and this article upsets you, you should know that it does not challenge some of the teachings in the Bible and invites you to read the articles below. In the Sumerian text, it is Enki who gives birth to his ills in pain. and dominated Mesopotamia for the next . According to the Bible, Abraham received a call from God when he was 75 years old. According to the Bible, Abraham received a call from God when he was 75 years old. The Sumerian origin of the Bible: similarity between Genesis and Enuma Elish. Interestingly, the translated Sumerian story is actually the oldest account of many ancient events that are most commonly thought as having originated from the Bibles Genesis. In the early dynastic period, temples developed raised terraces and multiple rooms. Among the Akkadians, he was also the god of the air and the sky, and finally became the creative god among the Canaanites. Scholars of comparative mythology have noticed parallels between the stories of the ancient Sumerians and those recorded later in the early parts of the Hebrew Bible. La Bible est un fatras. Jon Ewing. He is referred to as the one who put the king on his fathers throne, an appellation reserved only for the God Amon Ra! All rights reserved. He himself will be called the great chancellor of the whole country and will govern the country with her. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there existcountless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts thathave yet to be discovered and explained. [23], During the late 2000s BC, the Sumerians were conquered by the Akkadians. [18][19], The Sumerian afterlife was a dark, dreary cavern located deep below the ground,[19][20] where inhabitants were believed to continue "a shadowy version of life on earth". I am sure that those who do this do so for a variety of reasons. Did the Genesis writer rely on the Gilgamesh Epic in writing the flood account? The Mesopotamian Pantheon - World History Encyclopedia To deny any possible common root to these two flood stories seems unrealistic. Puisque nous sommes lge des possibles pour expliquer ce pass, nous pouvons alors formuler des hypothses hors du champ connu. To those deportees who returned home after years of exile, sometimes more than 50 years, and who were not (no longer) accepted by those who had stayed. For privacy reasons, she has previously written on Ancient Origins under the pen name April Holloway, but is now choosing to use her real name, Joanna Gillan. The priesthood resided full-time in temple complexes, and administered matters of state including the large irrigation processes necessary for the civilization's survival. In Luke 9:54 when Jesus is refused entry into a Samaritan village, the brothers ask, Lord, do you want us to call fire down from heaven and destroy them? Jesus rebukes them for their quick tempers, but its assumed they have this power. [19][14]:184 The Akkadians attempted to harmonize this dual rulership of the underworld by making Nergal Ereshkigal's husband. Dans les lgendes bouddhistes, Bouddha parle aussi dtres reptiliens ou Naga, qui peuvent prendre lapparence humaine. Their worship is expressed in the temple of Astarte and in that of Sutekh, assimilated to an Egyptian Baal. Nous pouvons formaliser ces mmes hypothses pour les religions polythistes anciennes telles que celles de Summer, de Msopotamie, dAkkadie, de Babylone, dAssyrie, dInde dont on trouve des crits de plusieurs millnaires avant notre re. The Hebrew text would just then have been transformed, embellished, to give importance to a God who would protect them, as the authors of the Bible usually do. Sumerian religion was the religion practiced by the people of Sumer, the first literate civilization of ancient Mesopotamia. How can you say that we are not sure which came earlier? From an historical or literary point of view, this is hard to disprove. Do we have the exact words of Jesus or a paraphrase? However, if one can assume that the book of Genesis is inspired by God, then the idea of the Genesis flood account being borrowed from Gilgamesh does not work. Biblical parallels in Sumerian literature - meta-religion.com [15] The highest and outermost dome of heaven was made of luludntu stone and was personified as An, the god of the sky. It is interesting that these topics arise in this first creation story, perhaps shining light on events that everyone can relate to (government and sacrifice). [14]:179180, The majority of Sumerian deities belonged to a classification called the Anunna ("[offspring] of An"), whereas seven deities, including Enlil and Inanna, belonged to a group of "underworld judges" known as the Anunnaki ("[offspring] of An" + Ki). Only one woman had dared to do this before her, the great Hatshepsut. Thorkild Jacobsen, the first translator of the Eridu Genesis, was a renowned historian specializing in Near East and Sumerian literature. The gods themselves were terrified: fleeing, they climbed to the sky of Anu where, like dogs, they remained curled up. For six days and seven nights, gusts, heavy rains, thunder, lightning and hurricanes broke the Earth like a jar. Aqqi the water puffer pulled me out of the river by diving his bucket. Since cuneiform is an ancient and unspoken language, there have been certain scholars who have dedicated much time to translating the writing. First of all, the Gilgamesh Epic was around in the time of the first Babylonian Empire, about 1800 BC, not during the Neo-Babylonian Empire, under Nebuchadnezzar. deities from the earth mirrors a return to life of plants. The motivation is different, her progenitor, a high priestess, had wanted to hide the fruit of an illicit affair with a stranger. noter quun parallle intressant a t dmontr entre les textes sumriens et lancien testament avec deux corrections majeures, lentit Dieu est devenu masculin et unique. Sumerian mythology and religious practices were rapidly integrated into Akkadian culture,[40] presumably blending with the original Akkadian belief systems that have been mostly lost to history. Enlil (El), the supreme god, sent terrible epidemics and famine to decimate men, but Ea (Enki), the creator, always thwarted his plans through his protg Atrahasis, the very wise, a man who warned his people of every danger. [17]:140, Inanna was the Sumerian goddess of love, sexuality, prostitution, and war. Again, one can see parallels but also differences in the accounts. deities get into an argument. The primordial saltwater sea was named Nammu, who became known as Tiamat during and after the Ur III period. Lilith is first mentioned in ancient Babylonian texts as a winged female demon that attacks pregnant women and infants. the creation of Eve. It is a compilation of traditional Mesopotamian myths of Creation and the Flood, including the creation of man from clay, the history of Noah and the end of the time of the patriarchs. What about ancient cultures such as Sumer and Mohenjo Daro? The first ten represented the solar system and the others represented the masses of stars in space. This association carries Sumerian deities developed Akkadian counterparts. [20] During the Third Dynasty of Ur, it was believed that a person's treatment in the afterlife depended on how he or she was buried;[17]:58 those that had been given sumptuous burials would be treated well,[17]:58 but those who had been given poor burials would fare poorly, and were believed to haunt the living. (Kramer 1963 p. 328) S. H. Hooke notes another PDF THE SUMERIANS - Oriental Institute The Sumerians developed one of the earliest civilizations on earth (3500-1750 B.C. The belief in one God in ancient Egypt, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Awk4WsLvS9A, Anunnaki, la version sumrienne de la cration de lhumanit, Nos anctres des extra-terrestres ? (Their female equivalents were known as Nin.) When they came to the Earth, there was much work to be done and these gods toiled the soil, digging to make it habitable and mining its minerals. All these rites can structure the life of faith in any part of the world, and allow Israel to avoid assimilation and to constitute itself as a particular people. Certains Textes des Pyramides Vme dynastie, vers 2500 ans avant J.C. indiquent que le dieu originel Atoum engendra huit divinits (SHOUT & TEFNOUT qui engendrrent GEB la terre et NOUT le ciel, qui engendrrent OSIRIS ISIS SETH NEPHTYS HOTUS lancien ne pas confondre avec Horus fils dISIS et OSIRIS) responsables de la cration du monde. Where is the king who should be ruling them? That is the big question, there are different theories, if Pierre Jovanovic talks about bad translation or invention by an unhealthy and misogynistic scribe, Eric DeBroqueville thinks more of an invention due to what these Canaanite peoples were suffering: the frequent deportations caused by the Babylonians for example. In particular, Ninhursag gives birth in nine days, not nine months, Through successive linguistic transformations Enlil (primitive Sumerian) became Ellil (Akkadian) and El in Canaanite. This would make the claim that it was borrowed from Neo-Babylonian sources not work. Sumerian Mythology Revised Edition Samuel Noah Kramer "A real addition to the body of world mythology."-- American Anthropologist "No people has contributed more to the culture of mankind than the Sumerians, and yet it has been only in recent years that our knowledge of them has become at all accurate or extensive. there are eight antediluvian patriarchs. She put me in a basket of reeds, which she sealed with bitumen. Why is it that people try to relate those gods to the God in the Old Testament? Both have a universal flood coming on mankind. Why is a Love Poem Full of Sex in the Bible? to the quarrels of Cain and Abel. the story of the Flood. Dennis MacDonald, professor of New Testament and Christian Origins, has conducted extensive research into both the New Testament and ancient mythology and has also found remarkable similarities between stories in the Bible and the myths and legends of ancient civilizations. Father Vincent Scheil, who would therefore be the first to make the link between the Sumerian text and the Bible, is not just anyone, he is the discoverer in December 1901 of the stele of the Hammurabi code and he was a member of the institute and director of studies at the cole des hautes tudes. Vous ne dites pas dans votre expos les malades que vous avez guris et les entits (dmons ou E.T. about Adams First Wife Lilith: Diabolical Demoness or the First Feminist? We know what happened next, the pharaohs daughter found the child, gave him her mother as a nurse and raised him in the palace.
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