Otherwise, they would have worn out and disappeared through much reading.. has caused great harm to the Christian Church; it confuses people. A textual critic is one who picks and chooses what part of whose story they will believe to be true. It is also known as the Westcott and Hort text, after its editors Brooke Foss Westcott (18251901) and Fenton John Anthony Hort (18281892). In the early years of this century Kirsopp Lake described Horts work as a failure, though a glorious one. Westcott and Hort believed the Greek text which underlies the KJV was perverse and corrupt. No Christian truth is affected by any of the variations of translation due to textual differences. So, why reject efforts to do so with the 1881 English Revised Version (ERV), the 1901 American Standard Version (ASV), the 1952 Revised Standard Version (RSV), the 1995 New American Standard Bible (NASB), the 2001 English Standard Version (ESV), and the forthcoming Updated American Standard Version (UASV)? During the eighteenth-century scholars assembled a great amount of information from many Greek manuscripts, as well as from versional and patristic witnesses. There are over 5366 manuscripts of the Greek New Testament. How Reliable Are the Early Texts of the New Testament? (4) If there are no textual differences in the 4,000 Byzantine texts (which there are), what was the Word of God before the fifth-century Byzantine text of Codex Alexandrinus (400-440 A.D.)? Riplinger speaks much on this subject and also aligns them with the New Age movement. Shows (by hyphenated groups) the English meaning applying to each Greek word. Can his verdict be true? Riplingers New Age Bible Versions, and Mr. Joseph Van Beeks tract, KJV vs NIV. Over 5,800 New Testament manuscripts have been classified into four groups by text type. I once saw a Christian rant and rave to some J, s and he quoted 1 John 5:7, 1 Tim 3:16 and said the KJV was the true Word of God, it was embarrassing and it reinforced. From the eighth century forward, the corrupt Byzantine text was the standard text and had displaced all others; it makes up about 95 percent of all manuscripts that we have of the Christian Greek Scriptures. Masoretic Text, Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament (based on Westcott-Hort, Weiss and Tischendorf, 1862). (1993). He has been working in the apologetic area since his teens. It is the latter edition that was taken as the basis for the presentUnited Bible Societies edition. Not one of these manuscripts is exactly the same in Greek content. Greenlee writes, The fallacy in this argument was that the antiquity of a Syrian (i.e., Byzantine) reading could be shown only when the Byzantine text was supported by one of the pre-Byzantine texts, which proved nothing in favor of the Byzantine, since WH maintained that Syrian readings were largely derived from the pre-Syrian texts. Soden's edition stands much closer to the text of Tischendorf than to the text of Westcott and Hort. Paraphrase of the Jewish Publication Society of America Version (Old Testament), and from Greek (New Testament) text. In fact, Constantine had ordered 50 copies of the whole of the Bible for the church in Constantinople. Informally referred to as WH they produced the WH text of the New Testament. I have never personally come across anyone that actually believes it, but some scholars do. Characteristics of the Alexandrian text are brevity and austerity. By submitting your email address, you understand that you will receive email communications from Bible Gateway, a division of The Zondervan Corporation, 3900 Sparks Drive SE, Grand Rapids . A. Hort (1828-1892), the towering pioneers of the textual criticism of the Greek New Testament. This version is now in thepublic domaindue to copyright expiration. Have you ever read Pickerings book? Please note that neither Westcott nor Hort believed that the Bible was Gods Word. They passed by the Traditional Text (Textus Receptus) which was the text upon which the King James Version is based. (2.22-23), The reading is less likely to be original that combines the appearance of an improvement in the sense with the absence of its reality; the scribal alteration will have an apparent excellence, while the original will have the highest real excellence. The international committee that produced the United Bible Societies Greek New Testament, not only adopted the Westcott and Hort edition as its basic text but followed their methodology in giving attention to both external and internal consideration. Masoretic Text,Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament. in front of those who oppose historic Christianity, . How did the Greek text develop from Desiderius Erasmus to Robert Estienne to Thodore Beza, and did any of the editions have a critical apparatus with variants, and did any of these men consult any Alexandrian manuscripts? A study Bible with a modern English translation of the Scriptures from their original languages. '[12], The texts of Nestle-Aland, and of Bover and Merk, differ very little from the text of the Westcott-Hort. This text has only a few changes of the original. Hort called the Textus Receptus vile and villainous (Life and Letters of Fenton John Anthony Hort, Vol. [3] A connected group of Christians promotes the King James Only movement. He has been a financial adviser for over 30 years. They determined to replace the King James Bible and the Greek Textus Receptus. A series of articles on relevant topics about the KJV and Greek text. We still observe people using 1 John 5:7 to prove the Trinity. The two scholars identified their favorite text type as "Neutral text", exemplified by two 4th-century manuscripts, the Codex Vaticanus (known to scholars since the 15th century), and the Codex Sinaiticus (discovered in 1859), both of which they relied on heavily (albeit not exclusively) for this edition. Secondly, it was one of two reasons heceasedto interest himself in the the matters the Guild was involved in, shortly after it was formed (notice Chick and Riplinger both falsely use the word lifelong). A. Hort, upon whose text the United Bible Society is based, which is the foundation for all modern-day translations of the Bible. Other items we sell to help fund our expensive literature and foreign church planting ministries. Generally speaking Wescott and Hort favored the Alexandrian text, which they called the "Neutral Text," namely based on the two chief 4th century witnesses Codex Vaticanus and . Was partially translated and released in various versions with the Douay-Rheims making up whatever books were not yet translated. (2.20), The reading is to be preferred that most fitly explains the existence of the others. They are the judges as to what belongs in the Bible and what does not. By the same token, most have rid themselves of the ancient King James Version and upgraded for a newer model, such as the NIV, or NASB, etc. He has travelled there 22 times. http://www.bible-researcher.com/kutilek1.html. Murdock Translation of the Western Peshitto. Westcott and Hort, in turn, were rationalists in their approach to the textual problem in the New Testament and employed techniques within which rationalism and every other kind of bias are free to operate. Assuredly his verdict will be against the six literal days of creation. The links below give us plenty of information to add detail to my brief comments. Aland reports that, while NA25 text shows, for example, 2,047 differences from von Soden, 1,996 from Vogels, 1,268 from Tischendorf, 1,161 from Bover, and 770 from Merk, it contains only 558 differences from WH text.[10]. The final conclusion here is simple, Westcott and Hort had some missteps spiritually as young men, they were not perfect as to their beliefs as young men, and they are under attack because they were the producers of the text that undermined the Textus Receptus that had been worshipped for centuries. The Western text-type is much older, but tends to paraphrase, so according to the critical text view also lacks dependability. Much of our material is available for free, such as the hundreds of articles at the Way of Life web site. Please Help Us Keep These Thousands of Blog Posts Growing and Free for All. In one sense it matters not. Codex Bezae (D). In textual criticism of the New Testament, the Alexandrian text-type is one of the main text types. Thus THE TEXT, BUILT UP ON THE WORK OF THE 19TH CENTURY, HAS REMAINED AS A WHOLE UNCHANGED, particularly since the research of recent years has not yet led to the establishment of a generally acknowledged N.T. It wasonly in the first part of the nineteenth century (1831) that a German classical scholar, Karl Lachmann, ventured to apply to the New Testament the criteria that he had used in editing texts of the classics. Revision of the King James Version. more concerned about showing that a translation 400 years old is in some way better than the ones we have today. However, this material may be freely used for personal study or research purposes. Some of those who stand out the most are from the fundamentalists of the late 19th and the early 20th centuries. Until recently the two chief witnesses to the Alexandrian text were codex Vaticanus (B) and codex Sinaiticus (), parchment manuscripts dating from about the middle of the fourth century. Many modern versions like the New International Version (450 million copies worldwide), English Standard Version, H, , New Living Translation, New Century Version, A, and New American Standard Bible have been produced by the finest Bible believing scholars in the world. However there are similarities because the improvement in scholarship from the mid 19th century on benefited WH and modern critical texts (critical is not a negative thing it refers to the detail and analysis that has gone into producing it). A site defending Westcott and Hort against unnecessary and incorrect attacks. It follows the edition of Seligman Baer except for the books of Exodus to Deuteronomy, which never appeared in Baers edition. Westcott & Hort GNT - Literal Translation - qBible.com However we gain John 1:18. in Php 2:6. against unnecessary and incorrect attacks. Uses various methods, such as emphatic idiom and special diacritical marks, to bring out nuances of the underlying Greek, Hebrew, and Aramaic texts. Nida (a follower of Westcott-hort) had already formally entered into a Concordat with the Vatican through the United Bible Societies back in 1966, when the UBS became the front line publishers of the Greek Text used in all protestant seminaries around the world, and it still is today. Masoretic Text, Textus Receptus (Estienne 1550), The Living TorahandThe Living Nach. _______________________________________________. Textual Criticism. 50+ premium resources (>$2,400 value!). 5 days ago, - Isnt it better to trust that God preserved His Word in the 5000+ witnesses rather than the five witnesses who do not agree with each other? Since its publication in 1881, Westcott and Hort's work has proved to be impressively accurate, though far from perfect. It is their position that the King James Version of the Bible is superior to all other English translations and that all English translations based on the Westcott and Hort text of 1881 (foundation text of UBS5 and NA28) are corrupt due to the influence of the Alexandrian Greek manuscripts. References in parentheses are to sections of HortsIntroduction, from which the principles have been extracted. . I mean, a text issued by men who are already known for what will undoubtedly be treated as dangerous heresy will have great difficulty in finding its way to regions which it might otherwise hope to reach and whence it would not be easily banished by subsequent alarms. HE DETHRONED THE TEXTUS RECEPTUS. Nevertheless, it was Westcott himself who wrote, Many years ago, I had occasion to investigate spiritualistic phenomena with some care, and I came to a clear conclusion, which I feel bound to express in answer to your circular. The Bible teaches No Scripture is of private interpretation. The KJV translators did not know this and sometimes mistranslated words because of this lack of understanding. About Westcott and Hort | In Their Own Words | Official Site The archaic language detracts from its use and understandability. Now we have said that 99.9% of those 5000+ manuscripts agree with each other almost perfectly, but what about the other .1%??? Released into the public domain by The Work of Gods Children (nonprofit corporation). And, The labourer is worthy of his reward" (1 Timothy 5:18). The text was also edited, with harmonized parallel accounts, grammar corrections, and abrupt transitions modified to produce a smooth text. In other words, the manuscript Codex Vatican B does not contain Mark 16:9-20. Which Bible do you think is more reliable? You could say that Over five thousand witnesses agree, this New Testament is Gods holy Word. Throw away the bones.. [8] What was the inerrant word of God in the second and third centuries AD before the development of the Byzantine text? The climax of this restoration era goes to the immediate successors of these men, the two English Bible scholars B. F. Westcott and F. J. He has authored 220+ books. Similarly, Gail Riplinger writes Westcotts son writes of his fathers lifelong faith in what for lack of a better name, one must call Spiritualism. Totaling to 7,320 places. First, many of the papyrus Alexandrian manuscripts are in terrible shape, some being 200 years older than codicesVaticanus and Sinaiticus, which would mean that they must have been read very often by true believers. It kept the KJV style language but was much more accurate. Almost all the websites, articles, films, videos and messages I have come across regarding the KJV, or anti modern versions, pay no attention at all to this viewpoint as they seem more concerned about showing that a translation 400 years old is in some way better than the ones we have today. 30:8, 59:21, I Pet 1:23. As the old saying goes, Eat the meat. My fatherceasedto interest himself in these matters, not altogether, I believe, fromwant offaith in what, for lack of a better name, one must call Spiritualism, but becausehe was seriously convinced that such investigations led to no good. (Life and Letters of Brooke Foss Westcott, Vol. The result of it all is a methodological quagmire where objective controls on the conclusions of critics are nearly nonexistent. What did Westcott and Hort have to do with the text of the Bible? Who They emphasized, Knowledge of documents should precede final judgment upon readings and all trustworthy restoration of corrupted texts is founded on the study of their history. They followed Griesbach in dividing manuscripts into families, stressing the significance of manuscript genealogy. If you have any questions, please review our Privacy Policy or email us at privacy@biblegateway.com. List Of Bible Translations By Year - Believers Portal Instead of simply translating what the majority of witnesses agree to, they translate from their own fancy, the false witness of the five. Released into the public domain by Rainbow Missions, Inc. (nonprofit corporation). Vol. Informally referred to as WH they produced the WH text of the New Testament. John is married to Janet they have three grown up children and two grandogs. Westcott and Hort began their work in 1853 and finished it in 1881, working . This requires us to reach back in history to the days of the apostles, when the New Testament was written in the original Greek language sometime between 33-100 AD. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. MODERN TEXTUAL CRITICISM IS PSYCHOLOGICALLY ADDICTED TO WESTCOTT AND HORT. Are the Modern Versions Based on Westcott-Hort? - Way of Life Literature An exception is the text edited by Hermann von Soden. At the age of 23, in late 1851, Hort . Masoretic Text, Greek New Testament of Erasmus, the Vulgate, and theLuther Bible. Sixth, the Bible was locked up in Latin. () In many instances where I would disagree with the wording in the Nestle / UBS text in favor of a particular variant reading, I would later check with the Westcott and Hort text and realize that they had often come to the same decision. The KJV was a superb translation for its day. Brooke Foss Westcott (1825-1901), and Fenton J A Hort (1828-1892) were two renowned Anglican scholars at Cambridge University. The fact is that the Westcott-Hort text represents the first widely-accepted departure from the Received Text in the post-Reformation era, and the modern English versions descend directly from the W-H text. The Greek Manuscripts - King James Bible 1611 BOTH REPRESENT THE SAME TYPE OF TEXT WITH THE SAME TYPE OF DEPARTURES FROM THE RECEIVED TEXT. This Greek New Testament was the basis for the Revised Version of that same year. After this bracket in the NIV they then list verses 9-20 (Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids Michigan, Copyright 1986, 1992, pg 1104). I would venture to say that every King James Version Onlyist doctrinally believes differently than the other. The material is copyrighted and should not be reprinted under any other name or author. Our primary goal with the FBIS is to provide material to assist preachers in the edification and protection of the churches. Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia,Novum Testamentum Graece27th Edition, United Bible Societies 4th Edition. Is true to the word order of the original Greek. (13) What do you do with the fact that the KJV has 1,000 different words that do not mean today what they meant in 1611, even having the opposite meaning? the KJV, it doesnt include 1 John 5:7 or the end of Mark, but it is established by many manuscripts. With the acquisition, however, of the Bodmer Papyri, particularlyP66and P75, both copied about the end of the second or the beginning of the third century, evidence is now available that the Alexandrian type of text goes back to an archetype that must be dated early in the second century. 2. He clearly infers that he had occasion to investigate spiritualistic phenomena with some care, which would indicate that much earlier in his life he had some fascination with spiritualism and the occult. Why Have Modern Bible Translations Removed Words, Phrases, Sentences Codex Sinaiticus (Aleph) Grand Rapids International Publications, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49501, Pastor R. W. Shekner, Comparisons, Anchor Publications (anchorbooksandtracts.com), Taylor and Young, Distorted Scripture, Anchor Publications (anchorbooksandtracts.com), G. A. Riplinger New Age Bible Versions A V Publications, Box 388 Munroe Falls, Ohio, 56 days ago, - Both delete almost the same number of names and titles of the Lord (WH--221, UBS--212). 1. Have you read my 644 page book: FROM SPOKEN WORDS TO SACRED TEXTS: Introduction-Intermediate New Testament Textual Studies, Please Help Us Keep These Thousands of Blog Posts Free for All. Which group do you think would be more trustworthy? An update to it (mainly to the New Testament as of now) is scheduled for release in 2025. New Age Bible Versions. It is in draft form, and currently being edited for accuracy and readability. INDIANA BIBLE COLLEGE | INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, Modern Bible Versions, and Westcott and Hort (weak textual evidence). Four volumes. Princeton University Press' book, The Christian Socialist Revival (1968, Peter d'A Jones) says B.F. Westcott was "a mystic" (p. 179). Westcott and Hort and Bible Translation - Reachout Trust [4] (Greenlee, Introduction to New Testament Textual Criticism 1995, 76-7). (Westcott-Hort, Weiss, Tischendorf Greek texts), First English Bible with whole of Old Testament translated direct from Hebrew texts. All editions of Nestle-Aland remain close in textual character to the text WH. "For the scripture saith, Thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn. The King James Bible translation is based on the Greek text found in the Textus Receptus. However, Westcott and Hort's work was not perfect. [13], The New Testament in the original Greek (1881), The New Testament in the original Greek Introduction and Appendix (1882), Comparison of the Wescott/Hort text with other manuscript editions, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Westcott_and_Hort&oldid=1137236913, This page was last edited on 3 February 2023, at 15:13. The Western Peshitto is virtually the same as the Eastern Peshitta, besides the addition of 2Peter, 2John, 3John, Jude and Revelation. The Sahidic and Bohairic versions frequently contain typically Alexandrian readings . Naturally so because they were Greek textual scholars. Of course, I think they gave too much weight to CodexVaticanus alone, and this needs to be tempered. At Constantinople, it became the predominant form of the New Testament throughout the Greek-speaking world. The following brief comments are not meant to stand alone, please use the links that follow that will enlarge, reinforce, and add to the article. Westcott, Hort, and Blavatsky are all forerunners of the modern day New Age movement which aims at one world religion. [7] This edition is based on the critical works especially of Tischendorf and Tregelles. 44262. No English translation is inspired. From the original Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, From the original Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, with influence from the French, This Bible was heavily influenced by the French original, and the commentary was a verbatim translation of the French, Jewish Publication Society of America VersionTanakh (Old Testament). Brooke Foss Westcott(18251901) andFenton John Anthony Hort(18281892) were nineteenth-century theologians and Bible and textual scholars. Patristic Quotations of the New Testament, Part 2 The Flood to the Deliverance From Egypt, Part 3-Deliverance From Egypt to Israels First King, Part 4 Israels First King to Captivity in Babylon, Part 5-Captivity in Babylon to the Completion of the Book of Malachi, Part 6-From Malachi to the Birth of Jesus, Part 8-Jesus Resurrection to death of the Apostle John. The only exception in the NASB and . E. J. Goodspeed has shown that Westcott and Hort departed from Vaticanus seven hundred times in the Gospels alone. May God enlighten us all to the truth through His Word. Today we can easily produce thousands of copies of a faulty manuscript with a machine, and every copy displays the same errors. We can conclude that any modern translation that uses majestic, literary or grand language is not generally reflecting the text and style of the Greek manuscripts of the New Testament. THE DEAD HAND OF FENTON JOHN ANTHONY HORT LIES HEAVY UPON US. (2.49-50). But we must remember that Bibles are translated by men, and thus corruption is possible. How did the term Textus Receptus come about? [6]In her book, she accuses Westcott of being involved in the occult. Revised from the public domain JPS 1917 edition, and placed together with a revised edition of the Hebrew Roots New Testament (based on Hebrew and Aramaic sources) each with useful footnotes, and an informative preface to the whole work. OFFERINGS can be mailed or made online with with Visa, Mastercard, Discover, or Paypal. Westcott & Hort were the dominant forces on the Revision Committee. Their names are as follows: What I write here is not an attack on the KJV it is an attempt to show how God continues to give us more knowledge and information which we must value and appreciate. Together, they produced The New Testament in the Original Greek of 1881, the pinnacle of textual studies by dozens of textual scholars since the days of Erasmus in 1536. Westcott and Hort | Bible Ready It is not surprising, therefore, that modern version proponents today often disassociate themselves from Westcott-Hort and claim that they merely use an eclectic Greek text. THE DEAD HAND OF FENTON JOHN ANTHONY HORT LIES HEAVY UPON US. A.V. To prefer the KJV because the Trinity (or any other doctrine) can be proved more easily from it. This new text caused Bible translators to doubt God's preserved words and long-held Christian doctrines, resulting in Bibles translated after 1881 to contain thousands of changes from the . They sought out contact with the spiritual world (talking with the dead, etc.). When the modern Bible reader is asked if they are familiar with the two Textual Bible Critics, Westcott and Hort, most have never heard of them. I suppose I am a communist by nature. Riplinger, pg 624, Westcott our Bible as well as our Faith is a mere compromise. Riplinger, pg 625. For example, the witness Codex Vatican B (one of the five), a Greek manuscript of the New Masoretic Text, Erasmus third NT edition (1522), Martin Luthers 1522 German Bible. It is a critical text (master Greek text of the NT seeking to ascertain the original Box 610368, Port Huron, MI 48061, which underlie the Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament of 1881 have been somewhat discredited by textual critics of the 20th century. These men were hereticks. in front of those who oppose historic Christianity and know the facts. Has literal English meanings based on the Greek roots. Christian Publishing House Blog, HOW ACCURATE WAS/IS THE 1881 WESTCOTT AND HORT GREEK NEW TESTAMENT? This article may not be written by an Apostolic author, but it contains many excellent principles and concepts that can be adapted to most churches. 2. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Copyright APOSTOLIC INFORMATION SERVICE, Modern Bible Versions, and Westcott and Hort (27-5), Beyond the Bake Sale: Cool Fundraising Ideas for Ladies Ministry (27-5), What does the Number 26 Mean in the Bible?
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