2002, 78: 263-290. Coe MJ: Necking behaviour in the giraffe. 2006, 32: 325-333. As these examples illustrate, operant conditioning through reinforcement can cause animals to engage in behaviors they would not have naturally performed or to avoid behaviors that are normally part of their repertoire. What we can learn from Chernobyl's strays. 2013; Baotic et al. If so this is one of the Innate responses and you can't be trained to stop doing it. Other behaviors an animal. Horwich R, Ktichen C, Wangel M, Ruthe R (1983): Behavioral development in Okapis and Giraffes. Giraffes are considered the tallest mammals in the world. Animal Behaviour 79, 665-671. Yes probably we could. Choose : inherited trait or learned behavior. 2007, 143: 327-325. Cameron EZ & du Toit J. Comparison between the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) and the Okapi (Okapia johnstoni). As in other species, it is assumed that abnormal repetitive behaviours often develop in captive animals due to a time budget shift in the daily activity pattern [46, 47]. mother nature wired animals (including us humans) that way. Finally, if a giraffe does charge at you, try to get out of the way. Contradictory findings: "Giraffe society has been characterized as both a loose and constantly shifting amalgamation of non-bonded individualsas well as a structured community network" (Bercovitch and Berry 2012). The illegal trade of giraffe parts is when people kill a giraffe and sell its body parts as if they are from another animal. 2007, 134: 548-558. The giraffe naturally inhabits a variety of habitats, from deserts to more heavily vegetated bush- and tree savannah [4, 5], and there is evidence for habitat-related adjustments of occurring social structures and of particular behaviours, such as stable social structures and dominance hierarchies instead of fission-fusion structures [6]. Learn surprising giraffe facts, such as why they need such enormous hearts and how they . Giraffes are also very social animals and enjoy interacting with their herd. 1985, 19: 771-781. For instance, maze-running experiments done in the 1920smaze shown belowdemonstrated that rats were capable of complex spatial learning. Giraffes are polygynous, and males establish dominance by necking. As animal care professionals it is out duty to provide the best environment possible for the animals in our care and to promote naturalistic behaviors. Because of well-developed eyesight and high head height, giraffe are able to stay in communication with one another, even if physically far apart. 2014). 1984, 21: 141-159. Giraffe Facts: Habitat, Behavior, Diet. I: Composition, biomass and production of available browse. They also learn how to protect them self from predators. George Homing Behavior Giraffes use the same birth sites over the course of generations. behavior the way an organism reacts to other organisms or to its environment dog's sniffing behavior helps to get information about it's surroundings hibernation behavior used to conserve energy while food is scarce a response in which an animals body temperature activity and heart rate and breathing decrease during periods of cold weather Tanzania. South African Journal of Science 70, No. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 52, 1-7. Horm Behav. 2012 Table S5). (2013)Seeber et al. Giraffes are gentle animals and rarely attack humans or other animals unless they feel threatened. 10.1111/j.1365-2028.1978.tb00429.x. Afr J Ecol. The calfs ability to keep up with the herd is also helped by its long neck which allows it to eat from high branches. Nesbit Evans EM (1970) The reaction of a group of Rothschilds giraffe to a new environment. 22nd International Ethological Conference. Piapiacs and cattle egrets feed on insects that are stirred up in the wake of a walking giraffe. (2000) Leuthold and Leuthold (1978)Mitchell et al. Journal of Zoology 251, 15-21. The bottom of the box consisted of a metal grid that could deliver an electric shock to rats as a punishment. Vegetatio. Google Scholar. It is unknown what triggers labor, but there are some behaviors that may indicate that a giraffe is getting ready to give birth. Claus M, Franz-Odendaal TA, Brasch J, Castell JC, Kaiser T (2007): Tooth wear in captive giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis): Mesowear analysis classifies free-ranging specimens as browsers but captive ones as grazers. On the other hand, cows in a field surrounded by an electrified fence will quickly learn to avoid brushing up against the fence. The giraffe is known for its long neck, which it uses to reach high branches of trees to eat leaves. We thought we knew turtles. For example, if my dog knows how to sit and I am training him to lay down, he now is not sitting or presenting the sit behavior in a more broken and uncertain way. Trans R Soc S Afr. 1) Giraffes are found in the dry savannahs of Africa, where they roam among the open plains and woodlands. 2000, 251: 15-21. Sleeping, resting, moving, feeding, and ruminating. 1979, 14: 103-107. There is no definitive answer to this question as each giraffe is different. As an example of a near-natural environment, wild giraffes were observed in HNP for thirteen weeks, between November and December 2010, and from March to April in 2011. Journal of Zoology, London 151, 313-321. Clauss M, Flach EJ, Lechner-Doll M, Hatt JM (2003) Reaction of a group of captive giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) to the introduction of a tannin-containing pellet. How do we know this is not an innate behavior, in which the duckling is hardwired to follow around a female duck? American Naturalist 169, 130-135. Response of the giraffe population to changes in the food supply. Kristal MB, Noonan M: Note on sleep in captive giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata). Msc Thesis, University of Pretoria. They are gentle giants, but can they be dangerous? At birth, calves are about five and a half feet tall, and at about one-year-old, they are 10.5 feet tall. Behaviour. These vocalizations can be used for different purposes such as communicating danger, distress, or mating intentions. Google Scholar, Dagg AI, Foster JB: The Giraffe: Its Biology, Behaviour and Ecology. Bredin IP, Skinner JD, Mitchell G (2008): Can osteophagy provide giraffes with phosphorus and calcium? 10.2307/2403043. Ouch! They stand out because their spots are more reddish and they have a lighter coat. start superscript, 2, comma, 3, end superscript, start superscript, 6, comma, 7, end superscript. Fact sheet index, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance Library, Home page, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance Library, Email the librarians at library@sdzwa.org, others observed with adult offspring of up to 10 years old. Behavioural inventory of the giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis ) You can develo, Posted 2 months ago. A giraffe's legs alone are taller than many humansabout 6 feet . 10.1578/AM.32.3.2006.325. However, the rest of its characteristics are equally curious. Hirth DH, McCullough DR: Evolution of alarm signals in ungulates with special reference to white-tailed deer. It is unknown what triggers labor, but there are some behaviors that may indicate that a giraffe is getting ready to give birth. On their heads, giraffes have a pair of horns called ossicones. Yuan J, Dong G, Zhang D (2004): The activity pattern of giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) during winter. Regarding its size and weight, its body measures between 12.4 and 15.4 feet (3.8 and 4.7 meters). Zoo Biol. 1996, 11: 260-263. 10.1016/S0168-1591(01)00137-X. Animal Welfare 10, 281-290. Giraffes have been misunderstood and are just as socially complex as In this very interesting article, we tell you all about the 10 biggest animals in the world. Giraffe calves are able to walk within an hour of being born and can run within a few days, according to the Cincinnati Zoo. 1977, 111: 31-42. African Journal of Ecology 21, 269-283. Brenneman RA, Bagine RK, Brown DM, Ndetei R, Louis EE: Implications of closed ecosystem conservation management: the decline of Rothschilds giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) in Lake Nakuru National Park. Theriogenology 29, 248. However, data on the giraffes ethology and its variation should be available in order to provide information for an integrated conservation approach [12]. 2007, 10: 63-70. South African Journal on Wildlife Research 8, 91-94. Hall-Martin AJ (1975): Studies on the biology and productivity of the giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis. Direct link to Bonney, Sierra; 200609208's post why are animals are alert, Posted 4 years ago. The giraffes calves have to fall up to 6 feet when they are born because their mothers have to stand up when they give birth. Innis AC: The behaviour of the giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis, in the Eastern Transvaal. Redvet 7, 2-6. This involves the males wrapping their necks around each other and pushing and pulling until one of them submits. Herds forage together. 2012 Table S3; Dagg 2014). South African Journal of Zoology 14, 103-107. What learned behaviors do giraffes have? - Answers Lions, cheetahs, and leopards are also present. is specific phobia a learned behavior or are they influenced by other factors. in horses [24]. Here are five interesting facts about snow leopards: 1. Okapi | mammal | Britannica Shorrocks B & Croft DP (2009): Necks and networks: a preliminary study of population structure in the reticulated giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulate de Winston). 10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00112-0. They probably do. Concluded temporary, non-preferential associations based on frequent, shifting group patterns (e.g., Le Pendu et al. 2008, 26: 17-34. IUCN 2011. Brenneman RA, Bagine, RK, Brown, DM, Ndetei R, Louis EEJr (2009): Implications of closed ecosystem conservation management: the decline of Rothschilds giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) in Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya. Where do you live? South African Journal of Wildlife Research 7, 53-59. Tells and Tall Tails: Reading and Responding to Giraffe Behavior Treatments for Giraffe Lameness Two Sides of the Same Coin: Giraffe Preventative Care & Emergency Medicine Contact Us EMAIL giraffe@cmzoo.org PHONE 719-424-7899 WEBSITE cmzoo.org/GiraffeCare LOCATION International Center for the Care & Conservation of Giraffe Cheyenne Mountain Zoo And many more! The definitions and general remarks provided will hopefully be of practical value in terms of producing more comparable ethological data in the future. About 40 giraffes were additionally observed on a daily basis in EGR for three weeks in September 2011. When a predator approaches, the giraffe will raise its head and neck up high off the ground so that it is harder for the predator to attack. Sexual maturation occurs about 5 years of age, and females generally have their first calves at 56 years. Apart from its distinctive vocalizations, the Wood Thrush is also known for its striking appearance and interesting behaviors. Nonexclusive and overlapping, including among males and females (Bercovitch and Berry 2009a), No evidence of territories or harems (Wilson and Mittermeier 2011; Bercovitch and Berry 2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-5-650, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-5-650. 2012). Evidence of non-random associations from a few studies, More studies needed to draw generalized knowledge for the species (David O'Connor, personal communication). Loskutoff NM, Walker L, Ott-Joslin JE, Raphael BL, Lasley BL (1986): Urinary steroid evaluations to monitor ovarian function in exotic ungulates: II. Fennessy J & Brown D (2010): Giraffa camelopardalis. 2013; VanderWaal et al. 2000, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. intraspecific competition, predator-prey relationships, or parasite transmission amongst other factors [6, 10, 11], and might have to be considered in future conservation plans for affected populations. J Trop Ecol. A giraffe's grace, elegance and majesty are attributes that I desire. This is a herbivorous animal whose neck can measure up to six feet (two meters) long. 2000; Bercovitch and Berry 2009a. Biologists dress up in full whooping crane costume while caring for the young birds, ensuring that they don't imprint on humans but rather on the bird dummies that are part of the costume. Martin P, Bateson P: Measuring behaviour. BMC Biology. It varies. I was wondering, what is the term for when a new behavior is being taught, an old one breaks down? 2013-12-01 17:55:39. On the contrary, Dagg [9] states that a dominant bull, threatening an opponent will carry his head deep with the neck parallel to the ground, as if assuming a fighting position. 2007; Shorrocks and Croft 2009; Carter et al. Usually shallow, with ears twitching and eyes half open. 1995, 11: 577-588. Direct link to michelle gaykov's post I was wondering, what is , Posted 2 months ago. Orange-Free-State. In fact, they are believed to be the rarest subspecies of giraffes. Females very social when not guarding newborns. 17 Harmful and Toxic Fruits and Vegetables for Dogs, The World's Oldest Land Animal is Called Jonathan and Is 190 Years Old, All About Grasshoppers: Reproduction and Birth, The Most Beautiful Dragonflies in the World, 9 Fish that Don't Need a Filter in the Fish Tank, How to Tell the Approximate Age of Your Cat. Some conservationists even worry that they may soon go extinct. (2012)Shorrocks and Croft (2009)VanderWaal et al. 2008, 27: 200-212. Coe MJ (1967): Necking behaviour in the Giraffe. Only a handful of these animals are thought to exist in the wild. Activities were subdivided further into General activities (Additional file 1: Table S1) and Abnormal repetitive behaviours (Additional file 2: Table S2). Seem to have co-evolved good vision and a periscope-like ability to see above tree level in open woodland savanas (genetic comparisons with okapi studied by Ishengoma et al. African Journal of Ecology 37, 93-106. In this article, we'll take a look at some examples of learned behaviors in animals. Mitchell G, van Sittert SJ, Skinner JD (2009): Sexual selection is not the origin of long necks in giraffes. A new discovery raises a mystery. Giraffes also use their horns to communicate by butting each other head-on. Someone living in a rural area, or away from trains, may find those sounds disturbing. Typically, these fascinating animals roam the open grasslands in small groups of about half a dozen. The classification of the described behaviours into activities and interactions might appear rather clear from a definition point of view, but should be used with precaution, because the complete intention and purpose of an observed behaviour always remains an interpretation based on a projection of the observers conception. Most active during early and late hours of the day, especially in warmer climates. Pratt DM & Anderson VH (1985): Giraffe social behaviour. An otherwise unmanaged population of about 45 giraffes were kept in the reserve during the time of observation. 1970, 34: 686-695. Behavioral adaptations take time to develop as they are genetically passed on to ensuing generations. We'll start with simple ones like habituation and imprinting, then work our way up to complex cases like operant conditioning and cognitive learning. Giraffes have developed several behavioral adaptations because of their physical characteristics and environmental demands. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 3, 107-108. Based on our own observations, several often older descriptions could be verified and even new insights added to what is stated in literature. Awange JL, Aseto O, Onganga O (2004): A case study on the impact of giraffes in Ruma National Park, Kenya. (2021, September 8). [24, 25], the behaviours reported in this paper were compiled from several sources. Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, 247-253. Appl Anim Behav Sci. Animal predators can quickly grab the giraffes neck to crush it, and human poachers can get a better aim. 1982, 16: 481-489. Let's look at some examples of problem-solving and complex spatial learning in nonhuman animals. Traditionally, all giraffes belong to the same genus and species, Giraffa camelopardalis. Also, the coat is short and brown, mottled with dark brown spots. Peter A Seeber. 2013; VanderWaal et al. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 10.1080/00222938500770471. Female giraffes also resort to this sound to call their calves if they get lost. How Do Giraffes Adapt To Their Environment? - Thelma Thinks Numerous factors like continuous habitat reduction or fragmentation for free-ranging giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) as well as e.g. Many birds learn songs by listening to other birds. (2005): Social influence on vigilance behaviour in giraffes, Giraffa camelopardalis. Diel activity (Wilson and Mittermeier 2011; Dagg 2014; except as noted), The social lives of giraffesstill a puzzle, Earlier studies (VanderWaal et al. PubMed Giraffes are the tallest land animals in the world.2. Journal of experimental Biology 209, iii. Cong. Possibly contact calls or to convey important information. The giraffe is the tallest mammal on the entire planet. No one can say for sure whether or not a giraffe will attack you, but there are some things to keep in mind if youre ever faced with this potential danger. They have some innate behaviors.Innate behaviors are behaviors that they are born with. J Trop Ecol. They also learn to run away from predators. Multi-Locus Analyses Reveal Four Giraffe Species Instead of One, Giraffe Demography and Population Ecology, Giraffa camelopardalis (amended version of 2016 assessment). Giraffes learn how to find food and water. Anim Behav. The pairing of increased grazing behavior in the giraffe with the presence of H. contortus in the pasture has resulted in increased parasite loads in the giraffe. Use camouflage as most effective defense. Species identification. 2008, 69: 1337-1344. Journal of Natural History 19, 771-781. Du Toit J: Giraffe. Western D: Giraffe chewing a Grants gazelle carcass. A giraffe extends its long neck to sleep, reach food, look out for danger and for male giraffes to establish dominance during mating. Average home range sizes seem to vary greatly. African Journal of Ecology 47, 374-381. Giraffa camelopardalis. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London 131, 245-275. Le Pendu Y, Ciofolo I: Seasonal movements of giraffes in Niger. So is imprinting getting closer to their mother or getting more independent and away from their parents? Training giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata ) for front foot Direct link to Ivana - Science trainee's post Because that is a reward , Posted 5 years ago. Some animals, especially primates, are capable of more complex forms of learning, such as problem-solving and the construction of mental maps. In other words we can't train them out of their Innate behaviors. Gordy, the Milwaukee County Zoo's famous groundhog, died on March 3. Calves grow very fast their first couple of years (double in size), making them less vulnerable to predation. Posted 6 years ago. 10.1002/zoo.20180. J Nat Hist. Giraffes have very long necks; bending down to drink water makes giraffes susceptible to attack because they cannot see what is going on around them. The following are commonly recognized behavioral adaptations of giraffes by zoologists and wildlife observers. Adult males more solitary than females; often travel as singletons (Le Pendu et al. [1823]. How do we reverse the trend? Observations were conducted at several water holes and open plains in the Main Camp area, ranging from Guvalala Pan to Ngweshla Pan. Operant conditioning is the basis of most animal training. 2001, 10: 281-290. Unfortunately, West African giraffes, namely those belonging to the species Giraffa camelopardalis, are in danger of extinction. [ 2, 4, 5, 9, 16, 18 - 23, Their height also allows them to see predators from a distance, which gives them time to escape. Axolotls and capybaras are TikTok famousis that a problem? Naturalists have recognized nine separate subspecies: the Nubian giraffe, the reticulated giraffe, the Angolan giraffe, the Kordofan giraffe, the Masai giraffe, the South African giraffe, the West African giraffe, the Rhodesian giraffe, and Rothschild's giraffe. Giraffes are the tallest land animal. Google Scholar. 2012, 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2011.01314.x. Not necessarily. Imprinting is where the organism gets closer to the first animal it sees, regardless if that is their parent or otherwise. ", Michel & Christine Denis-Huot / Getty Images. First of all habituation is not the same as imprinting (just be careful not to confuse the terms). Giraffes are herbivores, and they eat leaves, flowers, and fruits from trees. 1996, 5: 139-153. Patten RA (1940): Breeding the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). 10.2307/3800701. East African Wildlife Journal 16, 231-243. 1999, 15: 341-353. Tool use. The little-known history of the Florida panther. On the top of a giraffe's head are ossicones, unique structures that are neither horns nor ornamental bumps; rather, they're hardened bits of cartilage covered by skin and anchored firmly to the animal's skull. Zimbabwe. The rat would initially push the lever a few times by accident, and would then begin to associate pushing the lever with getting the food. Regarding social interactions not restricted to one sex or age class (General Interactions), it is worth noting that many of these behaviours were originally described as exclusively exaggerated by one sex, or by a specific age class. Stable dominance hierarchies among males are thought unlikely because adult males rarely associate with the same individuals (Bercovitch and Deacon 2015). African Journal of Ecology 38,78-85. 3. They have some innate behaviors. Biol Conserv. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. Kruger JW (1994): The feeding ecology and behaviour of re-introduced giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park. They also have to learn how to protect themselves from predators. Females weigh between 1,600 and 2,600 pounds and stand about 16 feet tall. Lueders I, Niemuller C, Pootoolal J, Rich P, Gray C, Streich WJ, Hildebrandt TB (2009): Sonomorphology of the reproductive tract in male and pregnant and nonpregnant female Rothschilds giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi). But gorillas have a lot of IQ of their own and we can't change that through boxes and bananas. Brown DM, Brenneman RA, Koepfli KP, Pollinger JP, Mil B, Georgiadis NJ, Louis EEJr, Grether GF, Jacobs DK, Wayne RK (2007): Extensive population structure in the giraffe. Large eyes: A larger retina surface area and longer focal length than all land mammals, including elephants. J Zool. This way, they notify each other if a predator is approaching. mounting, mating, nursing) are classified as separate behaviours in this ethogram, because attempts seem to be distinct and important, therefore these behaviours might be considered as a separate sub-section in an ethogram used for observations. Its sort of like this: When you go to the doctors do they use a small hammer to bump your knee? 1972, 17: 67-. Foster JB (1966) The giraffe of Nairobi National Park: home ranges, sex ratios, the herd and food. The resulting ethogram lists 65 different behavioural patterns, which were described and grouped into seven categories: General activities, Abnormal repetitive behaviours, General interactions, Bull-Cow behaviour, Bull-Bull behaviour, Cow-Bull behaviour, Maternal behaviours, and Interactions by calves. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. A total of 65 different behaviours could be identified. The files reflect the holdings of the GRC library and only contain pages relevant to giraffe study, and may not be complete. Faced with this dilemma, some of the chimpsafter a few false starts and some frustrationstacked the boxes one on top of the other, climbed on top of them, and got the banana. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. 1, 141-159. You'd love our magazine! Mammalia. Direct link to Addie's post So how does the mat maze , Posted 4 years ago. Furthermore, olfactory cues and insufficient recognition regarding long distance communication via infrasound make it sometimes difficult to unequivocally relate a certain observed behavioural event to a specific category (von Muggenthaler, Baes, Hill, Fulk, Lee, unpublished results), therefore the division of interactions and activities not related to a social context remain somewhat arbitrary. Giraffes spend up to 18 hours a day feeding on grass, shrubs and other foliage. Not all of Skinner's experiments involved pleasant treats. Behavior. East African Wildlife Journal 9, 157. Usually, the giraffe is a shy animal that tries to avoid confrontation. (DOC 60 KB). Giraffes can survive off the water from the morning dew and water content on tree leaves. Two-week old male, Congo, gallops at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park. First of all, its important to remember that giraffes are naturally shy animals and will usually only attack if they feel threatened. Giraffes are very family-oriented and stay with their herd for their entire lives. learned behavior. The creators of Netflix's "Beef" have broken their silence amid controversy surrounding the casting of David Choe, whose comments from 2014 about self-proclaimed "rapey behavior" have . Wyatt JR: Osteophagia in Masai giraffe. Kenya. The dominant male is the only one that has access to the females. Scientists have observed that when a group of giraffes is ready to cross a road, one of them will lead the way and the others will follow. Giraffes are very fascinating animals. A giraffe's main predators are humans, hyenas, lions and crocodiles. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Adults: large size, good vision, fast runners, powerful kickers. Childes SL, Walker BH: Ecology and dynamics of the woody vegetation on the Kalahari Sands in Hwange National Park. thesis, University of Pretoria. Bashaw MJ, Bloomsmith MA, Maple TL, Bercovitch FB (2007): The structure of social relationships among captive female giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). The giraffe, one of the worlds most iconic animals, is currently facing a serious conservation crisis. Kok OB, Opperman DP: Feeding behaviour of the giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis in the Willem-Pretorius-Game-Reserve. Journal of Comparative Psychology 121 No.1, 46-53. Terms and Conditions, Here's what happens at the Milwaukee County Zoo when an animal dies To save chestnut trees, we may have to play God, Why you should add native plants to your garden, What you can do right now to advocate for the planet, Why poison ivy is an unlikely climate change winner, The gory history of Europes mummy-eating fad, This ordinary woman hid Anne Frankand kept her story alive, This Persian marvel was lost for millennia. Subsequently, a better understanding of the behavioural ecology of giraffes in the wild as well as in captivity could aid future conservation efforts. inherited trait. Bercovitch F, Bashaw M, del Castillo S: Sociosexual behavior, male mating tactics, and the reproductive cycle of giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis. Journal of Zoology 278, 281-286. Hall-Martin AJ, Skinner JD, Hopkins BJ (1978): The development of the reproductive organs of the male giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis. 11 volatile chemicals detected in one study. If there is a threat to the group, the males will form a protective ring around the females and the young. But what you may not know is that these features also make them incredibly difficult for predators to spot in the trees.
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