What element is found in eggs? The major egg nutrients are, indeed, very stable and depend on the ratio of egg white to yolk in contrast to minor components, which are affected by several factors including hen nutrition (See Section 4.2). However, when considering the chemical composition of eggs, the results are quite controversial, although some have shown some difference in fatty-acid composition (docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid) of egg depending on hens age [158]. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Egg Protein - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics The egg and, more precisely, the egg yolk, is a vitamin-rich food that contains all vitamins except vitamin C (ascorbic acid). It is a semipermeable membrane, which means that air and moisture can pass through its pores. Is it possible to increase the n-3 fatty acid content of eggs without affecting their technological and/or sensorial quality and the laying performance of hens? This was a negative attribute even though eggs offered many positive effects in the consumers diet. The egg white is a gel-like structure that lacks lipids and is composed mainly of water (about 88%) [44] (Figure 2), fibrous structural proteins (ovomucins), glycoproteins (ovalbumin, protease inhibitors), antibacterial proteins (lysozyme), and peptides (see Section 3.1) [33,45]. WebMajor elements: usually greater than 1% SiO2 Al2O3 FeO* MgO CaO Na2O K2O H2O Minor elements: usually 0.1 - 1% TiO2 MnO P2O5 CO2 Trace elements: usually < 0.1% Liu L., Xu M.S., Tu Y.G., Du H.Y., Zhou Y.L., Zhu G.X. Moreover, some of these molecules (ovoinhibitor, ovomucoid, cystatin) possess many disulfide bonds that are likely to confer moderate resistance to denaturation by proteases and gastric juices. Egg white and egg yolk are highly concentrated in proteins. Some of them have a powerful activity via interaction with bacterial walls that further triggers permeabilization and bacterial death (lysozyme, avian beta-defensins, etc.). All authors contributed to the critical review and the editing of the article. But, the biological significance of the potential immunomodulatory activity of egg white pleiotrophin in human intestine remains very speculative. While it is typically eaten fresh, some people do, Read More Can Pimento Cheese Be Frozen?Continue, There are a few different ways that you can cook hamburgers in your Ninja Foodi Grill XL. Comp Biochem Physiol Biochem Mol Biol 107:471478, Smith MB (1964) Studies on ovalbumin: denaturation by heat and the heterogeneity of ovalbumin. As a blood-feeder, this mite has dramatic effects on fowl host welfare including distress, anemia, reduced egg production, and reduced egg quality [162]. Laviosier, Paris, pp 626, Burley RW, Cook WH (1961) Isolation and composition of avian egg yolk granules and their constituents - and -lipovitellins. Foods and beverages rich in sulfur. Chemical symbol N2; 3% of the human body weight. Apolipoprotein B, apovitellenin-1, vitellogenins, serum albumin, immunoglobulins, ovalbumin, and ovotransferrin are the most abundant proteins of egg yolk, representing more than 80% of total egg-yolk proteins [43]. Various tools combining physicochemical, analytical, and in silico approaches [65,66] can be used to identify hydrolytic peptides with potential bioactivities. Isolation of value-added components from egg white and their potential uses in food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Remanan M.K., Wu J. Antioxidant activity in cooked and simulated digested eggs. Egg Nutrition | Get Cracking - Eggs.ca Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, Volume 3. Staggs C.G., Sealey W.M., McCabe B.J., Teague A.M., Mock D.M. Associations of egg consumption with cardiovascular disease in a cohort study of 0.5 million Chinese adults. Biochemistry 19:15571563, Wang SY, Smith DE, Williams DL (1983) Purification of avian vitellogenin III: comparison with vitellogenins I and II. Another concern relates to egg allergy, which is a common infant food allergy with a prevalence estimated to be between 1.8% and 2% in children younger than five years of age. WebEgg Nutrition. What is a Major Element Found in Eggs? - Food And Life Lover Most egg-derived peptides with anti-hypertensive activities exhibit inhibitory activities against the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Among these, egg-white lysozyme is a promising agent for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. What are the four major elements found in the chemicals that comprise the human body? Characterization of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid enrichment in laying hens fed an extruded flax enrichment source. Choi I, Jung C, Seog H, Choi H (2004) Purification of phosvitin from egg yolk and determination of its physicochemical properties. Thuenemann E.C., Mandalari G., Rich G.T., Faulks R.M. In addition to these egg proteins and peptides, there are increasing data reporting the antimicrobial activity of egg-derived peptides that may be released after partial hydrolysis by exogenous proteases. The energy (kcal/100g) for chicken, quail, duck, goose, and turkey eggs is 143, 158, 185, 185, 171, respectively. The perfect balance and diversity in its nutrients along with its high digestibility and its affordable price has put the egg in the spotlight as a basic food for humans. These alterations result from water exchange between yolk and the egg white and from water and carbon dioxide loss through the eggshell pores, which elicited an increase in the air cell that develops between the two eggshell membranes (Figure 3a). The viscous aspect of egg white is essentially due to ovomucin [46]. Only about 0.85% is composed of another five elements: potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium. Chemical Composition of Eggs and Egg Products. However, it has to be mentioned that the change in vitamins and trace elements in eggs depends mainly on diet composition. Wiley, New York, Rupa P, Mine Y (2006) Engineered recombinant ovomucoid third domain can modulate allergenic response in Balb/c mice model. Egg content in vitamin A can be enhanced 10-fold from its initial value when hens are supplied with 30,000 IU retinol and that of vitamin D3 by 15-fold (25 to 34 g/100g in hens fed 2500 and 15,000 IU D3). When broken out of the shell, good quality, fresh eggs display certain characteristics: The lanthanides are not radioactive except the one. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. There should be an air gap at the end of the egg. U. N. Univ. Cherian G. Egg quality and yolk polyunsaturated fatty acid status in relation to broiler breeder hen age and dietary n-3 oils. Where do radioactive elements tend on the table? Stiff person syn, Lyrics Be Thankful For What You Got William Devaughn. Pellegrini A., Thomas U., Bramaz N., Klauser S., von Fellenberg R. Identification and isolation of a bactericidal domain in chicken egg white lysozyme. In modern flock, the egg weight has been restricted to 6266 g throughout the laying cycle (20 to 80 weeks of age). 4. Biochim Biophys Acta 707:121128, Matsudomi N, Takasaki M, Kobayashi K (1991) Heat-induced aggregation of lysozyme with ovotransferrin. What are the top 10 elements in the human body? J Biochem 95:16331644, Hur S-J, Kang G-H et al (2003) Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on lipid characteristics of egg yolk. Heerkens J.L., Delezie E., Kempen I., Zoons J., Ampe B., Rodenburg T.B., Tuyttens F.A. The first 20 elements are seen on all sides of the periodic table. Qiu N., Ma M., Zhao L., Liu W., Li Y., Mine Y. Four good reasons to indulge in cryptocurrency! In: Van Immerseel F., Nys Y., Bain M., editors. The prevalence of food allergy and other allergic diseases in early childhood in a population-based study: HealthNuts age 4-year follow-up. In: Van Immerseel F., Nys Y., Bain M., editors. In a whole, raw, and freshly laid egg, water, protein, fat, carbohydrates, and ash represent about 76.1%, 12.6%, 9.5%, 0.7%, and 1.1%, respectively [30]. These membranes provide to the yolk a physical separation from other egg compartments and prevents subsequent leakage of egg yolk towards egg white. What is a major element found in chlorophyll? Rehault-Godbert S., Baron F., Mignon-Grasteau S., Labas V., Gautier M., Hincke M.T., Nys Y. What element is used in batteries? Eggs are one of the few foods that naturally contain vitamin D. One large egg has about 40 IU (international units) of vitamin D about 10% of the daily recommended intake for adults. The major inorganic components of egg white are A Pew Research Center survey conducted in 2017 found similar patterns in firearm owners' stated reasons for owning a gun.. Around half of Americans (48%) see gun violence as a very big problem in the country today, according to a Pew Research Center survey conducted in April 2021. As mentioned above, major proteins of egg include protease inhibitors that may delay the proper degradation of egg proteins by inhibiting digestive enzymes including pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. Google Scholar, Aydin R, Pariza MW et al (2001) Olive oil prevents the adverse effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on chick hatchability and egg quality. In contrast, the fatty-acid profile of the yolk and the content of micronutrients such as vitamins and trace minerals (See Section 2.2) or of carotenoids are very variable and directly rely on diet composition [137]. Lopez Sobaler A.M., Aparicio Vizuete A., Ortega R.M. Malicka-Blaszkiewicz M., Filipczak N., Golab K., Juszczynska K., Sebzda T., Gburek J. Ovocystatin affects actin cytoskeleton organization and induces proapoptotic activity. They incorporate artificial saliva, compressive forces to disintegrate food, simulate continuous gastric emptying, and gastric secretion that generate pH profiles similar to human stomach. 1 Retrieved on 01/17/2019 from the Ciqual homepage https://ciqual.anses.fr/ (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 27. http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/ndl/. Agric Biol Chem 45:27752780, Nakane S, Tokumura A et al (2001) Hen egg yolk and white contain high amounts of lysophosphatidic acids, growth factor-like lipids: distinct molecular species compositions. An increase of fat in egg essentially depends on the increase of yolk-to-egg-white ratio, which is, however, poorly affected by hens nutrition. J Food Sci 35:872874, Valenti P, Visca P et al (1986) Interaction between lactoferrin and ovotransferrin and Candida cells. Indeed, consumers demand high quality products with strong eggshell, while reducing cost, guaranteeing eggs devoided of microbial contaminants, and improving the acceptability of rearing systems [130,131]. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 27 and USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods, Release 2 [30]; FA, fatty acid. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Egg structure. Food Data Syst. However, egg intake has to be controlled in hyper-responders to dietary cholesterol (about 15% to 25% of the population), as an increase in egg consumption in these people affects plasma lipids to a greater extent than in hypo-responders. Effect of production system and flock age on egg quality and total bacterial load in commercial laying hens. In: Yanamoto T, Juneja LR et al (eds) Hen eggs, their basic and applied science. It's used as a structural material in bones, but it is essential for protein regulation and muscle contraction. The average consumption of eggs/year/capita in the world ranges from 62 (India) to more than 358 (Mexico) [18] and is even less in African Countries (36 eggs/year/capita) ([19]. Baeza E., Chartrin P., Lessire M., Meteau K., Chesneau G., Guillevic M., Mourot J. Interestingly, some of these bioactive peptides are specifically generated after limited proteolysis of denatured egg proteins [67], after boiling. Do Eric benet and Lisa bonet have a child together? The unit for the elements in the human body is %. Pelletier X., Thouvenot P., Belbraouet S., Chayvialle J.A., Hanesse B., Mayeux D., Debry G. Effect of egg consumption in healthy volunteers: Influence of yolk, white or whole-egg on gastric emptying and on glycemic and hormonal responses. Four different kinds of cryptocurrencies you should know. (a) air cell; (b) major modifications occurring during storage. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 27. http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/ndl. Phosphorus (P) - 1.0% - Phosphorus is found in the molecule ATP, which is the primary energy carrier in cells. What are the characteristics of fresh eggs? USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 27. http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/ndl/. The saturated and unsaturated fatty-acid content of the hens diet can be modified by the inclusion of oil or feedstuffs showing a high degree of unsaturated fatty acid such as fish, chia, flaxseeds [142,143], olive, or soy oils (see Reference [144] for a review). Yes, Gatorade does help, Read More Does Gatorade Help With Milk Supply?Continue, To dry preserve a dead snake, first remove the skin and guts. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, The twelve elements of nature are Earth, Water, Wind, Fire, Thunder, Ice, Force, Time, Flower, Shadow, Light and Moon. Liao W., Fan H.B., Wu J.P. Papanikolaou Y., Fulgoni V.L., 3rd Egg Consumption in Infants is Associated with Longer Recumbent Length and Greater Intake of Several Nutrients Essential in Growth and Development. By Europedias. Egg weight varies from 50 g to 70 g depending mainly on hens age and genetics (See Section 4.1). Bouvarel I., Nys Y., Lescoat P. Hen nutrition for sustained egg quality. Khan M.A.S., Nakamura S., Ogawa M., Akita E., Azakami H., Kato A. Bactericidal action of egg yolk phosvitin against Escherichia coli under thermal stress. If you give these layers a tug, youll find theyre surprisingly strong. In these cases, too much lactose can lead to digestive problems including gas and bloating. Which 4 elements are the most abundant in the human body? Bill Nye - Atoms & Molecules Flashcards | Quizlet The relative content of egg minerals, vitamins, or specific fatty acids may vary from one national reference to another [29] but remains globally comparable when considering major constituents such as water, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. What Is A Major Element Found In Eggs - Ideas of Europedias Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture, INRA, Universit de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; Received 2019 Feb 15; Accepted 2019 Mar 19. Blankenvoorde M.F.J., vant Hof W., Walgreen-Weterings E., van Steenbergen T.J.M., Brand H.S., Veerman E.C.I., Amerongen A.V.N. What element is in the major compound of steel? Egg-laying performance also depends on general hens health as diseases and infections can induce loss of appetite and physiological failure thereby affecting animal growth, egg laying, and egg quality (eggshell deformation, eggshell defects, egg-white thinning, etc.). As an example, free rearing results in significantly higher total tocopherol, alpha-tocopherol, and lutein contents, as compared to the battery cage and the organic system, respectively, when hens are fed a similar conventional diet [152]. Lipids 36:413419, Nakano T, Ikawa N et al (2001) Extraction of glycosaminoglycans from chicken eggshell. The action of egg white lysozyme on ovomucoid and ovomucin. This can cause an allergy. (See also periodic table of the elements.). Gautron J., Nau F., Mann K., Guerin-Dubiard C., Rehault S., Hincke M.T., Nys Y. Molecular approaches for the identification of novel egg components. In: Skinner M., editor. Nitrogen. The major inorganic components of egg white are sulfur, potassium, sodium, and chloride. Adapting trace mineral nutrition of birds for optimising the environment and poultry product quality. Hundreds of different proteins have been identified and are associated with specific physiological functions to fulfill time-specific requirements during embryo development. WebThe major inorganic components of egg white are sulfur, potassium, sodium, and chloride. Appleby P.N., Key T.J. Avoid loosefitting clothes or anything that might get caught on equipment. The .gov means its official. In: Nys Y., Bain M., Van Immerseel F., editors. Physicochemical changes associated with egg storage (freshly laid egg versus egg stored for 2 weeks at room temperature). It also helps to produce hormones and bile acids. Comparative proteomic analysis of egg white proteins under various storage temperatures. The challenge remains to identify animal and vegetable sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids that increase the content of these fatty acids in yolk without affecting its technological and/or sensorial quality, to suit both the food industry requirements (egg products) and consumer demand. What are the duties of a sanitary prefect in a school? Osterballe M., Hansen T.K., Mortz C.G., Host A., Bindslev-Jensen C. The prevalence of food hypersensitivity in an unselected population of children and adults. Gong D.Q., Wilson P.W., Bain M.M., McDade K., Kalina J., Herve-Grepinet V., Nys Y., Dunn I.C. Bioactive Egg Components and Inflammation. Here, the elements are ordered alphabetically. Comparative proteomic analysis of chicken, duck, and quail egg yolks. Whenham N., Wilson P.W., Bain M.M., Stevenson L., Dunn I.C. RSS Feed | Sitemaps the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. Oil content and fatty acid composition of eggs cooked in drying oven, microwave and pan. Messens W., Gittins J., Leleu S., Sparks N. Egg decontamination by washing. In: Nys Y., Bain M., VanImmerseel F., editors. Antifungal effects of lysozyme and lactoferrin against genetically similar, sequential Candida albicans isolates from a human immunodeficiency virus-infected southern Chinese cohort. Evenepoel P., Claus D., Geypens B., Hiele M., Geboes K., Rutgeerts P., Ghoos Y. Mine Y., Ma F.P., Lauriau S. Antimicrobial peptides released by enzymatic hydrolysis of hen egg white lysozyme. Abeyrathne E., Lee H.Y., Jo C., Suh J.W., Ahn D.U. Chlorophyll absorbs light primarily in the blue and red wavelengths (400-700 nm), though it can also absorb some green and violet light. Get to Know the Elements Biochemistry 2:27922798, Renugopalakrishnam V, Horowitz PM, Glimcher MJ (1985) Structural studies of phosvitin in solution and in the solid state. WebWhat is a major element found in eggs? 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Nicholson J.K., Holmes E., Kinross J., Burcelin R., Gibson G., Jia W., Pettersson S. Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions. Eggs are an excellent source of high-quality protein, providing all the essential amino acids our bodies need to function optimally. Biochemistry 23:42754279, Castellani O, Gurin-Dubiard C, David-Briand E, Anton M (2004) Influence of physicochemical conditions and technological treatments on the iron binding capacity of egg yolk phosvitin. Comparative antibacterial activity of avian egg white protein extracts. elements High energetic diet and the dietary supply of linoleic acid increase the egg weight. Back J.F., Bain J.M., Vadehra D.V., Burley R.W. 2 not available. Chemical symbol O2; 65% of the human body weight. Egg is rich in phosphorus, calcium, potassium, and contains moderate amounts of sodium (142 mg per 100 g of whole egg) (table 3). J Agric Food Chem 48:15641568, Oguro T, Ohaki Y et al (2001) Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characterization on the effect of ovomucin in tumor angiogenesis. Coorey R., Novinda A., Williams H., Jayasena V. Omega-3 fatty acid profile of eggs from laying hens fed diets supplemented with chia, fish oil, and flaxseed. Chemical symbol C; 18% of the human body weight. The vitelline membrane of the hens egg: A chemical and electron microcopical study. It's also found in bone. Mol Immunol 38:619625, Naber EC, Squires MW (1993) Vitamin profiles of eggs as indicators of nutritional status in the laying hen: diet to egg transfer and commercial flock survey. T (informal second person, Lyrics What I Am Edie Brickell . Some recent researches have highlighted the beneficial role of eggs for humans, including physically active people, and several authors have demonstrated that egg cholesterol was not well absorbed [3,4]. Where do the elements in the human body tend to be located on the periodic table? The egg is considered as natures most perfect food containing excellent source of protein of high biological value, high ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids, and excellent source of minerals and all the vitamins. These proteins exist in a. Study with quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like how many elements are gaseous at room temperature?, where do the gaseous elements tend to be located on the. Worldwide prevalence of hypertension: A systematic review. However, because dehydration can decrease milk production, drinking fluids like Gatorade may help some women maintain their milk supply. The long-term health of vegetarians and vegans. Elements was involved in the writing of the paragraph related to antimicrobials and Y.N. Vopr Pitan 74:2831, Wallace RA, Morgan JP (1986) Isolation of phosvitin: retention of small molecular weight species and staining characteristics on electrophoretic gels. Seven substances recognized today as elementsgold, silver, copper, iron, lead, tin, and mercurywere known to the ancients because they occur in nature in relatively pure form. In addition, storage duration and conditions are associated with protein degradation [175,179,180] and a decrease in its antibacterial potential [175]. Can J Biochem Physiol 39:12951307, Burley RW, Sleigh RW, Shenstone FS (1984) Lipoproteins from the blood and egg yolk of the hen. Choose comfortable clothing that you wont mind getting dirty. To conclude, rearing laying hens in free-range systems may globally improve the antimicrobial potential of eggs (See Section 3.1). was in charge of the paragraph related to the nutritional value of eggs. Opaque ropes of egg white, the chalazae hold the yolk in the center of the egg. The major reason for this ascendancy of chicken eggs relies on several reasonschickens are easy to handle and to rear and they have been selected for decades to lay close to 320 eggs a year. Proteins are the largest and most abundant nutrients in eggs. Eggs, in any manner of cooking, is not an element. What is a major elements found in eggs? - Answers Hoon H. Sunwoo . Food Chem 85:569577, Causeret D, Matringe E, Lorient D (1991) Ionic strength and pH effects on composition and microstructure of yolk granules. Nimalaratne C., Bandara N., Wu J.P. Purification and characterization of antioxidant peptides from enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken egg white. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36605-5_28, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36605-5_28, Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials Science. The thick egg white becomes thin and runny. Egg Nutrition Stats. A large egg contains the following, according to the USDA: 72 calories. 0g carbohydrates. 6g protein. 5g total fat. 1.5g saturated fat (8% DV) 0g fiber. 0g sugar. J Oleo Sci 50:797803, Sim JS (1998) Designer eggs and their nutritional and functional significance. Roberts J.R., Souillard R., Bertin J. Avian diseases which affect egg production and quality. Estimates of domain interactions and study of the kinetic complexities of ferric ion binding. Correspondence to Cheese contains lactose, a sugar that cant be digested by lactose intolerant people because their bodies lack the enzyme that breaks it down. Role of the egg in the diet of athletes and physically active people. Yi J.E., Zhao J., Wu J.P. The concentration of some of those trace elements (selenium, iodine) may be significantly increased depending on hens diet (See Section 4.2). PubMedGoogle Scholar. Yolk is tightly associated with the vitelline membranes, which consist of two distinct layers [44] that form an extracellular protein matrix embracing the yolk. What element is used in making paint? J Biol Chem 238:35473554, Morrison SL, Mohammed MS et al (2002) Sequences in antibody molecules important for receptor-mediated transport into the chicken egg yolk. Such egg enrichment provides 5070% of the daily human requirement [150]. It's about 0.2-0.3%. Lublin A., Sela S. The Impact of Temperature During the Storage of Table Eggs on the Viability of Salmonella enterica Serovars Enteritidis and Virchow in the Eggs. In addition to egg proteins displaying a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activities that could contribute to intestine health, many efforts have been made in the last decades to further characterize biological activities of egg-derived hydrolytic peptides that may naturally occur during the digestive process [20,22]. Ranard K.M., Jeon S., Mohn E.S., Griffiths J.C., Johnson E.J., Erdman J.W., Jr. Dietary guidance for lutein: Consideration for intake recommendations is scientifically supported. It is noteworthy that European legislation does not allow egg washing in Europe (Commission Regulation (EC) No 589/2008), because of the potential damage to the physical barriers, such as the cuticle, may favor trans-shell contamination with bacteria and moisture loss and thereby increase the risk to consumers, particularly if subsequent drying and storage conditions are not optimal. This compound is created as sulfur-containing proteins in the egg white react during cooking. The longer an egg is cooked, the greater the amount of hydrogen sulfide that is produced, and older eggs also produce it in higher amounts when cooked. Spoiled eggs smell unpleasant because of even higher levels of hydrogen sulfide. Accessibility Amount and fate of egg protein escaping assimilation in the small intestine of humans. Anal. This latter observation is likely to result from an increase in yolk proportion in older hens. What element is used in making paint? Choi I, Jung C et al (2005) Effectiveness of phosvitin peptides on enhancing bioavailability of calcium and its accumulation in bones. Int. What major element is used in eggs Egg production in Africa. what is a major element found in our bones. Age-related changes of yolk precursor formation in the liver of laying hens. Empathize with, identify o, What Is Samson Syndrome Illness Symptoms . One large egg has about 6 grams of protein, all of which is found in the egg white. Crit Rev Poult Biol 2:2158, Lin LN, Mason AB et al (1994) Calorimetric studies of serum transferring and ovotransferrin. Indeed, several of those have been shown to exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-cancerous properties [25,26,27]. World Rev Nutr Diet 83:89101, Skrti I, Vitale L (1994) Methionine-preferring broad specificity aminopeptidase from chicken egg-white. The other trace elements (less than 0.01%) are: boron (B), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), fluorine (F), iodine (I), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), tin (Sn), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn).