[37] The Japanese government touted the 40-year track record of the Shinkansen and offered favorable financing. [73] Foreign manufacturers involved in Shanghai-Beijing high-speed link reported that their contracts call for maximum operational speed of 300km/h (186mph). In 2004, the Shanghai Maglev Train became the world's first commercially operated high-speed maglev. The global expansion of China's high-speed rail sector is particularly problematic because of its disregard for profit. Nowadays, China Railway no longer decides the railway policy, instead focus on the development of the rail network and rail infrastructure in China. Get in touch with us. [75], On July 23, 2011, two high-speed trains collided on the NingboTaizhouWenzhou railway in Lucheng District of Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province. [102] In late October and November 2011, the MOR raised RMB 250 billion in fresh financing and construction resumed on several lines including the Tianjin-Baoding, Xiamen-Shenzhen and Shanghai-Kunming. The line supports commercial train service at speeds of 200250km/h (120160mph), and has become a segment of the rail corridor between Beijing and Northeast China. [22] In December 1994, the State Council commissioned a feasibility study for the line.[22]. [33] At the time, planners were divided between using high-speed trains with wheels that run on conventional standard gauge tracks or magnetic levitation trains that run on special maglev tracks for a new national high-speed rail network. Developing Profitability in High-Speed Railways - L.E.K. Consulting China's first line, the Qinhuangdao-Shenyang passenger railway, was opened in 2003. Within two years of cooperation with Kawasaki to produce 60 CRH2A sets, CSR began in 2008 to build CRH2B, CRH2C and CRH2E models at its Sifang plant independently without assistance from Kawasaki. China has built the bulk of the world's . "[16][17], High-speed rail in China is officially defined as "newly-built passenger-dedicated rail lines designed for electrical multiple unit (EMU) train sets traveling at not less than 250km/h (155mph) (including lines with reserved capacity for upgrade to the 250km/h (155mph) standard) on which initial service operate at not less than 200km/h (124mph). Over the past decade, the country has added over 35,000 kilometers to its high-speed rail (HSR) network, with the total length that far exceeds the rest of the world combined. Signals malfunctioned, causing another train to rear-end the stalled train. [214] In June 2020, a trial run was conducted at Tongji University. At the beginning of the 21st century China had no high-speed railways. In Europe that figure is $25m-$39m per kilometre, while in California, the only US state currently planning a high-speed line, it's more like $56m/km. The high-speed rail (HSR) network in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is the world's longest and most extensively used - with a total length of 42,000 kilometres (26,000 mi) by the end of 2022. As soon as this statistic is updated, you will immediately be notified via e-mail. [12][13] However, a Paulson Institute research had estimated that the net benefit of the high-speed rail to the Chinese economy to be approximately $378 billion and an annual return on investment at 6.5%. Number of high-speed railways in China as of August in 2019, by profit status and speed [Graph]. [155] The Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is one of the few lines that have been profitable, with profits steadily increasing after first breaking even in 2014, and achieving revenue of CNY 29.6 billion and net profit of CNY 12.7 billion in 2017. 'Rejuvenation') that based on indigenous technologies. Another top official in the Railways Ministry, Zhang Shuguang, was also sacked for corruption. How profitable is China's high-speed rail? - by Glenn Luk In 2018, China Railway operated 3,970.5 pairs of passenger train service, of which 2,775 pairs were carried by EMU train sets. A Japanese report envisioned a winner-take all scenario in which the winning technology provider would supply China's trains for over 8,000km (5,000mi) of high-speed rail. [55][56], By January 2011, China had the world's longest high-speed rail network with about 8,358km (5,193mi)[57] of routes capable for at least 200km/h (124mph) running in service including 2,197km (1,365mi) of rail lines with top speeds of 350km/h (217mph). [1][2][3] The HSR network encompasses newly built rail lines with a design speed of 200350km/h (120220mph). Show sources information China has built the world's largest bullet-train network Certain mixed use freight and passenger rail lines, that can be upgraded for train speeds of 250km/h (155mph), with current passenger service of at least 200km/h (124mph), are also considered high-speed rail.[18]. [18], Thus, high-speed rail service in China requires high-speed EMU train sets to be providing passenger service on high speed rail lines at speeds of not less than 200km/h (124mph). During the Sixth Railway Speed Up Campaign, 52 CRH trainsets (CRH1, CRH2 and CRH5) entered into operation. A notable example is the GuangzhouShenzhen railway, which in December 1994 became the first line in China to offer sub-high-speed service of 160km/h (99mph) using domestically produced DF-class diesel locomotives. This is China High Speed Rail! . Achieving indigenous high-speed rail technology has been a major goal of Chinese state planners. In China, high-speed rail service is competitive with road and air transport for distances of up to about 1200 km. In common parlance, high-speed train service in China generally refers to G-, D- and C-class passenger train service. [231], Media related to High-speed rail in China at Wikimedia Commons, For rail transport in China generally, see. [47] Kawasaki challenged China's high-speed rail project for patent theft, but backed off the effort.[48]. [123], The government actively promoted the export of high-speed rail technology to countries including Mexico, Thailand, the United Kingdom, India, Russia and Turkey. Despite setting speed records on test tracks, the DJJ2, DJF2 and other domestically produced high-speed trains were insufficiently reliable for commercial operation. While maglev was drawing attention to Shanghai, conventional track HSR technology was being tested on the newly completed Qinhuangdao-Shenyang Passenger Railway. Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, China's investment in intercity high-speed rail and rail transit. The CRH380AL train set, shown above at the, Growth of China's high-speed rail network, Early passenger-dedicated high-speed rail lines, Passenger-freight railways and connecting conventional lines. By Global Times Published: Jun 22, 2021 10:38 PM. [97][98] The Minister of Railways announced further cuts in the speed of Chinese high-speed trains, with the speed of the second-tier 'D' trains reduced from 250km/h (155mph) to 200km/h (124mph), and 200km/h (124mph) to 160km/h (99mph) on upgraded pre-existing lines. As of 2007, the Qinhuangdao-Shenyang high-speed railway, which carried trains at top speed of 250km/h (155mph) along the Liaoxi Corridor in the Northeast, was the only passenger-dedicated HSR line (PDL) in China, but that would soon change as the country embarked on a high-speed railway construction boom. Annual car sales worldwide 2010-2022, with a forecast for 2023, Battery electric vehicles in use worldwide 2016-2021, Annual gas prices in the United States 1990-2021, Automotive industry worldwide - statistics & facts, Motorcycle industry in the United States - statistics & facts, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. [49], On October 19, 2010, the MOR announced the beginning of research and development of "super-speed" railway technology, which would increase the maximum speed of trains to over 500km/h (311mph). (Chinese), provincial-level administrative divisions, electrical multiple unit (EMU) train sets, Campaign to raise the speed of railway travel in China, conventional high-speed rail line was built between Shanghai and Hangzhou, Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock Co (CSR Sifang), high-speed railway between Beijing and Shanghai, List of high-speed railway lines in China Four Vertical and Four Horizontal" network, WuhanGuangzhou high-speed railway (Wuguang PDL), GuangzhouShenzhenHong Kong high-speed railway, List of high-speed railway lines in China, GuangzhouShenzhenHong Kong Express Rail Link, upgraded in the sixth round of the "Speed-up Campaign", California's high-speed rail line project, "Length of Beijing-HK rail network same as Equator", "New high-speed trains on drawing board- China.org.cn", "Full speed ahead for China's high-speed rail network in 2019", "China builds the world's longest high-speed rail as a rail stalls in the U.S.", "China's fast track to high-speed rail exports", "China-Tibet bullet trains to commence operations before July", "China sets railway building spree in high-speed motion", "World's Longest Fast Train Line Opens in China", "China to step up testing on fastest-ever maglev train", "China's High-Speed Rail, the world's longest high-speed railway network, is now losing $24 million per day with a reported debt of $1.8 trillion", "China Railway's debt nears $900bn under expansion push", "Is this the end of the line for China's rapid railway investment? How China's high-speed rail network got built so fast | CNN In 2004, the State Council in its Mid-to-Long Term Railway Development Plan, adopted conventional track HSR technology over maglev for the BeijingShanghai High Speed Railway and three other northsouth high-speed rail lines. [188] By the spring of 2011, commercial airline service had been completely halted on previously popular routes such as WuhanNanjing, WuhanNanchang, XianZhengzhou and ChengduChongqing. The China Railways DJF2 (Xianfeng) train was produced in 2001 and set a speed record of 292.8km/h (181.9mph) on September 10, 2002. The trains have a top operational speed of 430km/h (267mph) and can reach a top non-commercial speed of 501km/h (311mph). The route is part of China's Belt and Road Initiative, and the completed . "When you look at the systems in Japan, at the systems in China, nine major cities in Japan are connected with true high-speed rail; China has 26,000 miles of high-speed train routes. The GuiyangGuangzhou high-speed railway and LanzhouXinjiang high-speed railway (where fares do not cover electricity costs) are both suffering from high maintenance cost due to harsh climate conditions and complicated terrain structure. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 600+ segments in 150+ countries, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 70m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. Some 4,715 kilometres (2,930mi) of new high-speed railways would be opened, and by the end of 2011, China would have 13,073 kilometres (8,123mi) of railways capable of carrying trains at speeds of at least 200km/h (124mph). [188] As of October 2013, high-speed rail was carrying twice as many passengers each month as the country's airlines. [186] However, China's average income per capita is considerably lower than these other countries, so the high speed train fares remain unaffordable for most but the well-to-do. The nation seeks to increase its high-speed rail network to 50,000 kilometers by 2025. Trains on the Beijing-Tianjin high-speed line and a few other inter-city lines remained at 350km/h (217mph). Large construction debt-loads require significant revenues from rider fares, subsidies, and/or other sources of income, such as advertising, to repay. Total investments in new rail lines including HSR reached $49.4billion in 2008 and $88billion in 2009. Construction of the high-speed railway between Beijing and Shanghai, the world's first high-speed rail with a designed speed of 380km/h (236mph), began on April 18, 2008. [citation needed]. Is European high-speed rail profitable? [159] CRIC has also raised some capital through equity offerings; in the spring of 2010, CRIC sold a 4.5 percent stake in the BeijingShanghai high-speed railway to the Bank of China for 6.6billion and a 4.5 percent stake to the public for 6billion. Photo . Suppliers and manufacturers blame each other for any problem detected in the trial operation, while tracking the construction process to every single detail is an almost impossible job for inspectors. The HSR network encompasses newly built rail lines with a design speed of 200-350 km/h (120-220 mph). [221], In January 2014, the China Railway Construction Corporation completed a 30km (19mi) section of the Ankara-Istanbul high-speed railway between Eskiehir and nn in western Turkey.[222]. [146], According to a costbenefit analysis by the Paulson Institute, the high-speed rail network benefits the Chinese economy by $378 billion, with an annual return on investment of 6.5%. [131], In 2016, with the near completion of the National 4+4 grid, a new "Mid-to-Long Term Railway Network" Plan was drafted. The line was electrified in 1998, and Swedish-made X 2000 trains increased service speed to 200km/h (124mph). Opponents noted that high-speed rail in other countries were expensive and mostly unprofitable. [107], By early 2012, the Chinese government renewed investments in high-speed rail to rejuvenate the slowing economy. Higher-speed train travel uses greater energy and imposes more wear on expensive machinery. [158] To prevent that eventuality, the MOR is trying to improve management of its rapidly growing HSR holdings. Please do not hesitate to contact me. [20] The steam-powered train, which ran on the South Manchuria Railway from Dalian to Xinjing (Changchun), had a top commercial speed of 110km/h (68mph) and a test speed of 130km/h (81mph). The following year, Siemens reshuffled its bidding team, lowered prices, joined the bidding for 350km/h (217mph) trains and won a 60-train set order. It is the railway company that loses money, and the people and the whole country who profit. [209] Of the 3.313 billion passenger-trips delivered by China Railway in 2018, EMU train sets carried 2.001 billion passenger-trips. When considering route strategy, HSR's market share versus other modes must be well understood. [60] Zhang was estimated to have misappropriated to his personal overseas accounts the equivalent of $2.8 billion. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Number of train passengers in China 2009-2021, Passenger transport volume of highspeed railways in China 2008-2021, Share of high-speed rail network length among whole rail network in China 2014-2021, Fastest trains in the world by record speed 2022, Length of highspeed railway lines in use worldwide in 2021, by country, Length of the highspeed railway lines in operation worldwide in 2021, by country (in kilometers), High-speed train lines under construction worldwide in key countries 2022, High-speed lines under construction worldwide as of September 2022, by country (in kilometers), World's fastest trains in 2022, ranked by record speed (in kilometers per hour), Value of the largest rail infrastructure projects in the world in 2022, Value of the largest rail infrastructure projects worldwide as of February 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars), Forecast: estimated value of investment in new transport infrastructure in China 2020, Total estimated value of investment in new transport infrastructure in China 2020 (in billion yuan), Total volume of passenger transported by highspeed railways in China from 2008 to 2021 (in billions), Share of electrified railroad routes in China 2021, Degree of electrified railroad routes in China from 2005 to 2021, Length of express railways in China 2008-2021, Total length of operation network of high-speed railways in China from 2008 to 2021 (in 1,000 kilometers), Length of newly built express railways in China 2014-2021, Annual increase in the length of the operational high-speed rail network in China from 2014 to 2021 (in 1,000 kilometers), Share of China's high-speed rail operating network length in the entire railroad system from 2014 to 2021, Length of express railways by leading provinces in China 2021, Leading regions in China with high-speed rail networks exceeding 10,000 km by 2021 (in 1,000 kilometers), Number of high-speed trains in China 2013-2021, Number of high-speed trains in China from 2013 to 2021, China's high-speed train growth rate 2014-2021, Growth rate of high-speed trains in China from 2014 to 2021, Number of Fuxing Hao high-speed trainsets in China 2013-2021, Number of Fuxing Hao high-speed trainsets (standard EMU)* in China from 2013 to 2021, China: production of bullet trains by month 2020-2022, Production of bullet trains in China from February 2020 to February 2022, Cost distribution of China's Fuxing high-speed trainsets 2021, by component, Cost percentage distribution of China's Fuxing high-speed trainsets in 2021, by component, Largest high-speed railway stations in China 2020, Top 10 largest high-speed railway stations in China as of 2020, Revenue of the China State Railway Group (China Railway) 2017-2021, Revenue of the China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. (China Railway) from 2017 to 2021 (in trillion yuan), Number of China State Railway Group's high-speed trains 2017-2021, Number of high-speed trains owned by China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. from 2017 to 2021, Revenue of the China Railway Group (CREC) 2011-2021, Revenue of the China Railway Group (CREC) in China from 2011 to 2021 (in billion yuan), Operating revenue of CRRC Cor., Ltd. 2014-2021, Operating revenue of CRRC Cor., Ltd. from 2014 to 2021 (in billion yuan), Beijing-Shanghai High Speed Railway: revenue 2017-2021, Revenue of Beijing-Shanghai High Speed Railway Co., Ltd. from 2017 to 2021 (in billion yuan), Number of passengers on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail line 2016-2021, Number of passengers transported on the Beijing-Shanghai High-speed rail line from 2016 to 2021 (in millions). Financial losses during the ramp-up period should not be surprising for new rail lines. [120] High-speed passenger rail service expanded to 28 provinces and regions. According to Xinhua News Agency, the aggregate results of the six Speed Up Campaigns were: boosting passenger train speed on 22,000km (14,000mi) of tracks to 120km/h (75mph), on 14,000km (8,700mi) of tracks to 160km/h (99mph), on 2,876km (1,787mi) of tracks to 200km/h (124mph) and on 846km (526mi) of tracks to 250km/h (155mph). To date, China owns the largest HSR system in the world, with a total operating high-speed rail network of 40,000 kilometers in 2021. Because public transportation is a service provided by the government, it serves for the entire national life and economic development. The line has a capacity of delivering 100million rides annually[180] and initial estimated repayment period of 16 years. The ideal entry-level account for individual users. [195] Additionally, another two lines are under construction, the Qingyuan Maglev and the Fenghuang Maglev. 11, "China's Experience with High Speed Rail Offers Lessons for Other Countries", "China plans five-year leap forward of railway development ", "Bullet trains set to join fastest in the world", "International Railway Journal Rail And Rapid Transit Industry News Worldwide", "China slows its runaway high-speed rail expansion", "Hundreds protest Shanghai maglev rail extension", "Rail track beats Maglev in BeijingShanghai High Speed Railway", "BeijingShanghai High-Speed Line, China", "Violence flares as the Chinese rage at Japan", "Kawasaki Wins High-Speed Train Order for China", "China denies Japan's rail patent-infringement claims. The US still waits for its high-speed rail revolution | CNN [37] The State Council turned to advanced technology abroad but made clear in directives that China's HSR expansion could not only benefit foreign economies and should also be used to develop its own high-speed train building capacity through technology transfers. In 2007, travel time from Beijing to Shanghai was about 10 hours at a top speed of 200km/h (124mph) on the upgraded BeijingShanghai Railway. [129], By 2015, six high speed rail lines, BeijingTianjin, ShanghaiNanjing, BeijingShanghai, ShanghaiHangzhou, NanjingHangzhou and GuangzhouShenzhenHong Kong report operational profitability. On one hand, the demand of high-speed rail in China steadily increases over time. "[46] Since then, CSR has ended its cooperation with Kawasaki. [51] In all, the state planned to spend $300billion to build a 25,000km (16,000mi) HSR network by 2020.[52][53]. [110] Five new lines totaling 2,563km (1,593mi) in length entered operation between June 30 and December 31, including the Beijing-Wuhan section of the Beijing-Guangzhou line. China's busiest high-speed rail line handles 1.35 billion passengers in 10 years. [51] In response to the global economic recession, the government accelerated the pace of HSR expansion to stimulate economic growth. [59], In February 2011, Railway Minister Liu Zhijun, a key proponent of HSR expansion in China, was removed from office on charges of corruption. [183], China's high-speed railway network is by far the longest in the world. "Michael Forsythe "Letter from China: Is China's Economy Speeding Off the Rails? On October 26, 2010, China opened its 15th high-speed rail, the ShanghaiHangzhou line, and unveiled the CRH380A trainset manufactured by CSR Sifang started regular service. Overcrowding on existing rail lines, they said, could be solved by expanding capacity through higher speed and frequency of service. Rail Vehicle Market Report is highly -intensive driven by high R&D investment and has strong product analysis to maintain growth and ensure long-term monetization with a forecast period of 2023-2029. "[140], Experts expressed concern of the network's operational efficiency. How fast is bullet train in China? Chinese train-makers, after receiving transferred foreign technology, have been able to achieve a considerable degree of self-sufficiency in making the next generation of high-speed trains by developing indigenous capability to produce key parts and improving upon foreign designs. This text provides general information. [Online]. China Doesn't Need Another 125,000 Miles of High-Speed Rail - Bloomberg With a total length of 968km (601mi) and capacity to accommodate trains traveling at 350km/h (217mph), the Wuguang PDL set a world record for the fastest commercial train service with average trip speed of 312.5km/h (194.2mph). [158] The Zhengzhou-Xian HSR since opening in February 2010 was expected to generate revenues of 0.6billion in its first full year but must make interest payments of 1.1billion. Is high-speed rail travel on a track to nowhere? - BBC News The most important key figures provide you with a compact summary of the topic of "High-speed rail in China" and take you straight to the corresponding statistics. You need at least a Starter Account to use this feature. Trains can operate at 200km/h (124mph) on many of the conventional main lines. China's high-speed railways plunge from high profits into a debt trap | ORF Most new HSR lines in China have witnessed a sharp decline in their "transportation density". A total of 400 new generation trains were ordered. This stands over three times the HSR distance of the. [71] The CRH380A trainsets on the BeijingShanghai high-speed railway could reach a top operational speed of 380km/h (240mph) but were limited to 300km/h (186mph). [54] The envisioned network, together with upgraded existing lines, would total 12,000km (7,456mi) in length. As of March 2011, no major quality defects had been found in the system. Ride to profitability for China-backed Indonesian rail project may take High-speed trains on PDLs can generally reach 300350km/h (190220mph). [54] Most of the lines follow the routes of existing trunk lines and are designated for passenger traffic only. The refusal of the Transrapid Consortium to share technology and source production in China made large-scale maglev production much more costly than high-speed train technology for conventional lines. By the mid-1990s, average train speed in China was about 60km/h (37mph). Are you interested in testing our business solutions? The MOR then launched the CRH1-350 (Bombardier and BST, designated as CRH380D), CRH2-350 (CSR, designated as CRH380A/AL), and CRH3-350 (CNR and Siemens, designated as CRH380B/BL & CRH380CL), to develop a new generation of CRH trains with a top operation speed of 380km/h (236mph). How much is a high speed train ticket in China? [220] In November 2009, the MOR signed preliminary agreements with the state's high-speed rail authority and General Electric (GE) under which China would license technology, provide financing and furnish up to 20 percent of the parts with the remaining sourced from American suppliers, and final assembly of the rolling stock in the United States.